Comprehension. Ex. 1.Split the text into the parts and think of appropriate titles for each one.

Ex. 1.Split the text into the parts and think of appropriate titles for each one.

Ex. 2.What do these numbers in the text refer to?

1651; 13; 1758; 1763; 1765; 1773; 1776; 1778; 1780; 1787; 1789.

Ex. 3.Find the sentences or phrases in the text that are close or equivalent in meaning for the following:

1. продемонстрировали свою веру в независимость, права человека и демократию.

2. Путь становления от колоний к наци был постепенным и начался с попытки Парламента установить контроль над торговлей колоний с иностранными государствами.

3. работники финансовых учреждений

4. C подписанием Парижского Соглашения роль Франции, как претендента на власть в Северной Америке, была снижена.

5. управлять новыми приобретенными территориями

6. переложил часть финансового бремени на колонии

7. С ростом напряжения менялись и средства протеста.

8. выбросив тысячи тонн чая в Бостонский залив

9. получило поддержку

10. вступили в войну против Британии

11. В течении 3 лет, начиная с 1778, основные военные силы Британии не потерпели ни одного поражения на Юге.

12. свобода вероисповедания

13. Согласно “Статьям Конфедерации” национальное правительство было слабым

14. на международном уровне

15. стало очевидно

16. прервать обсуждение

Ex. 4.Arrange the sentences in the chronological order.

a) British General Cornwallis surrendered at York town, Virginia, marking the last significant battle of the war.

b) The colonists reacted to a monopoly granted to the British East India Tea Company by throwing thousands of tea into the Boston Harbor.

c) The first effort toward unification of the country were a series of laws , known as Trade and Navigation Acts.

d) Britain emerged victorious in the French and Indian War after William Pitt became minister of war.

e) The move toward independence continued with Thomas Pain’s “Common Sense”

f) Britain dispatched the largest military force ever sent from Europe to America.

g) Soon fighting broke out between Massachusetts “minutemen” and British troops near Boston at Concord.

h) With the Treaty of Paris France was eliminated as a contender for power in North America.

i) After the Stamp Act the colonists staged boycotts and sometimes became violent

j) Parliament passed the Proclamation, which forbid all the settlement west of the Appalachians.

k) The colonists called the 1^st Continental Congress and organised volunteer armies.

l) The fighting gradually moved from north to south.

m) The success of these troops and short-term enlistment reduced George Washington ill-prepared forces.

n) The Declaration of Independence, drafted by Thomas Jefferson, formally notified that the colonies were independent.

o) Parliament responded with the Coercive Acts, which the colonists dubbed the “Intolerable Acts”.

Ex. 5.Define the statements as true and false. Correct the false ones.

1. The first efforts to unite the country were Trade and Navigation Acts.

2. In the French and Indian War France got its control over North America.

3. To solve a problem how to administer British newly acquired territory Parliament passed the proclamation of 1763.

4. Thomas Pain, a political leader, published the widely read pamphlet “ Common Sense”.

5. The Declaration of Independence was Drafted by George Washington.

6. Numerous volunteer forces took part in the War for Independence.

7. The fighting gradually moved from south to north.

8. The Articles of Confederation placed governing authority in Congress in which one state had one vote.

9. Under the Articles, the government was able to collect taxes, but was not allowed to interpret laws.

10. The supporters of the Constitution , the Patriots, took their victory in Ratification of the Constitution.

Ex. 6.Give full answers to the questions:

1. When were taken the first attempts to unite the colonies into nation? Were they realized?

2. What problems were brought with the Britain’s victory in the French and Indian war? In what way did the Parliament try to solve them?

3. How did the colonists oppose Britain? Give examples.

4. Most colonists were not ready for independence, were not they? Why?

5. What was Thomas Pain’s role in the move toward independence of the colonies?

6. When was the declaration of Independence adopted?

7. What events took place after the adoption of the Declaration of Independence?

8. After the war for Independence the colonies faced a lot of problems, What were they?

9. What new practices did the article of Confederation bring to the institution of political administration in America?

10. Was it easy or not to ratify the Constitution? Why?