САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА СТУДЕНТОВ

Темы для самостоятельного изучения

1. Многофункциональные глаголы и слова.

2. Особенности функционирования системы времен в технических текстах.

3. Отглагольное существительное: частота применения и функции в технических текстах.

4. Числительные.

5. Союзы и предлоги.

6. Артикль в техническом тексте.

7. Имя существительное.

8. Глаголы и глагольные сочетания, характерные для технической литературы.

9. Русские эквиваленты английских наречий, характерных для научной и технической литературы.

10. Русские эквиваленты некоторых английских прилагательных (и производных от них наречий), характерных для научной и технической литературы.

11. Особенности структуры предложения в научном тексте.

12. Последовательность работы над текстом.

13. Перевод эмфатических конструкций.

14. Виды перевода.

15. Процесс перевода: последовательность работы над текстом, разметка английского текста для перевода.

16. Стилистические приемы перевода.

17. Сокращения в англоязычной научно-технической литературе.

18. Вопросы синтаксиса при переводе русской научно-технической литературы на английский язык.

19. Стиль английской научно-технической литературы.

20. Требования, предъявляемые к переводу и переводчику научно-технической литературы.

Тексты для самостоятельного перевода

Text 1

During the course of a computation each register will hold many different numbers. Before a computation starts, a description of the arithmetic operations which are to be performed is stored in the coded form in some of the registers of the machine. In general, any of the registers may store either a number or a coded “instruction”. It is useful to have a name which can be applied to the contents of a register independent of whether it is a number or an instruction. Each register is said to contain a “word”.

Text 2

It is important for you to understand clearly fro, the very beginning that the drawing of the line, on which the scale is being established, in a horizontal position is merely a matter of taste (or rather, of convenience). It may be drawn in any position whatsoever on the paper. Similarly, the placing of the point 1 to the right of 0 (once the line has been drawn in a roughly horizontal position) is again merely a matter of convenience; it might just as well have been placed to the left of 0. The actual decision (or recommendation) to place it to the right of 0 may be attributed to the fact that most of us are right handed.

Text 3

Electrical generators operate on this same principle. A very strong field is generated by passing current through a field coil which is placed on the iron stator, or frame structure of the machine. A number of turns of wire are wound on the rotor, which is revolved within the field created on the stator, and voltage is efficiently induced on the wires. If two connections are brought out through slip rings fastened to the rotor, and on which brushed fastened to the stator are riding, a current will be generated when the machine is attached to an electrical load.

Text 4

Ignition System

The gas mixture produced by the carburetor is of no value unless it is ignited, and gas ignited quickly produces more force if first compressed. The gas mixture is sucked into the cylinder combustion chamber through the inlet valve as the piston travels downward. On the next upward stroke of the piston the two valves are closed and the gas is compressed. In what are termed high-compression engines the compression is about eighty-five pounds to the square inch. When the gas is compressed an electric spark plug point to the other, thus providing the means of igniting the gas. This firing of the gas mixture in the combustion chamber is called ignition.

Text 5

Direct current motors operate on the same principle as the direct current generator. Voltage is supplied to the machine, which sets up a field and also sets up a current in the rotor winding through the commutator. Just as it required mechanical power to drive the generator windings through the field, so will the machine rotate when fields and carrents bear this same relation. As the rotor tends to reach a position where less torque is produced, the voltage supplying brush will have passed to the next commutator segment, the force will continue and the machine will rotate.

Text 6

There are two other precautions which should be observed in the care of batteries. First, the top of the battery must be kept clean and the terminals should be greased lightly. As the acid is extremely corrosive it will damage metal parts quickly and will cause burns on hands and clothing. Wool is not rapidly attacked by the acid so battery handlers often wear woolen clothing. The second precaution is to fill the battery up to the proper point with pure distilled water only. If tap water is used the battery will fail prematurely. In the aircraft non-spillable batteries the level in the cells should be up to the bottom of the filler neck and no higher. In all batteries the water level should cover the plates and will usually be about a quarter to a half inch over the plates.

Text 7

The Magnetic Loudspeaker

You have seen that the moving diaphragms of the earphones set the air next to them in motion and thus produce the sound you hear. If this sound were loud enough, you could lay the phones on the table and would not need to bother wearing them on your head.

If you were to make one of the diaphragms larger it would move a greater quantity of air and thus produce a louder sound. For practical reasons a diaphragm cannot be made very large, and so another scheme was developed. One end of a stiff wire is fastened to the center of the diaphragm. This wire now moves in and out in step with the diaphragm. To the other end of the wire a large paper cone is fastened. The fluctuating diaphragm moves the wire; the wire in turn moves the paper cone. This in turn sets a large amount of air in motion, creating a loud sound. By this means we are able to do away with earphones. The device is called the magnetic loudspeaker.

Text 8

SPEEDLINK Quick Install Guide

Intended use

This product is only intended as an input device for connecting to a computer. Jöllenbeck GmbH accepts no liability whatsoever for any damage to this product or injuries caused due to careless, improver or incorrect use of the product or use of the product for purposes not recommended by the manufacturer.

Health risks

Extended use of input devices may cause health problems, take regular breaks to alleviate these.

Conformity notice

Operation of the device (the devices) may be affected by strong static, electrical or high-frequency fields (radio installations, mobile telephones, microwaves, electrostatic discharges). If this occurs, try increasing the distance from the devices causing the interference.

Technical support

Having technical problems with this product? Get in touch with our Support team – the quickest way is via our website: www.speedlink.com.

Text 9

Tefal SUPERGLISS

Before first use

There may be a release of smoke, a harmless odour and a light spray of particles when you use your appliance for the first time. This has no effect on the use of the iron and will disappear quickly.

What water to use?

Your appliance has been designed to function with untreated tap water. However, it is necessary to operate the Self-Clean function regularly in order to eliminate hard water deposits from the steam chamber.

If your water is very hard (check with your local water authority), it is possible to mix untreated tap water with store-bought distilled or demineralised water in the following proportions: 50% untreated tap water, - 50% distilled or demineralised water.

Types of water not to use?

Heat concentrates the elements contained in water during evaporation. The types of water listed below contain organic waste or mineral elements that can cause spitting, brown staining, or premature wear of the appliance: water from clothes dryers, scented or softened water, water from refrigerators, batteries or air conditioners, pure distilled or demineralised water or rain water should nor be used in your Tefal iron. Also do not use boiled, filtered or bottled water.