Вставьте нужный пропущенный предлог.

1) Many minerals from – depth

a. at

b. in

c. on

d. under

2) Some minerals crystallize – high temperature and pressure

a. on

b. at

c. under

d. above

3) Clay minerals form – the surface

a. under

b. above

c. at

d. in

4) Most minerals become unstable – new conditions

a. at

b. on

c. in

d. under

Ex.3.

Выберите варианты, соответствующие подчеркнутому слову. Обратите внимание на употребление much, little, a little с неисчисляемыми существительными и many, few, a few – с исчисляемыми.

1) (Много) minerals form at depth. (many/much)

2) (Некоторые) minerals occur as native elements. (few/a few)

3) (Мало) minerals remain stable under high temperature and pressure. (little/few)

4) There is very (мало) free hydrogen present in the earth now. (few/little)

5) To understand the origin of minerals we must know (много) of their composition. (much/many)

6) We have (мало) information as to the origin of these minerals. (little/few)

Ex.4.

Переведите предложения. Выберите наиболее подходящее значение слова “most”

a) самый;

b) весьма, крайне;

c) большая часть, большинство;

A:

1. Most minerals consist of elements, combined as chemical compounds.

2. Mineralogy is a most interesting branch of geology.

3. Oxygen is the most abundant element.

4. Most of minerals are not stable under high temperature and pressure.

5. The most fundamental combination of elements is their union with oxygen.

6. The topmost layers of the earth are called the Earth’s crust.

B:

1. Геофизика – весьма важная область геологической науки.

2. Происхождение Земли – самый трудный вопрос естественных наук.

3. Большинство минералов изменяют свои первоначальные свойства под воздействием высокой температуры и давления.

Ex.5.

Составьте ряды однокоренных слов, заполнив таблицу.

high, to widen, deeply, wide, bredth, widely, depth, height, broad, deep, to broaden, to deepen, highly, to heighten, broadly, width.

Ex.6.

Выберите правильный, на Ваш взгляд, вариант. Переведите предложение.

1. Most minerals consist of elements ______ there are a few which occur as native elements.

a. because

b. since

c. although

d. if

2. ______ a mineral is exposed to high temperature and pressure, it often changes its structure.

a. however

b. although

c. because of

d. if

3. Some minerals are stable under a range of conditions ______ most minerals are not.

a. however

b. consequently

c. since

d. because

4. Many minerals change their form ______ crustal movements.

a. because

b. because of

c. if

d. however

5. Change, not stability is the rule ______ the Earth is constantly changing.

a. consequently

b. however

c. because of

d. because

6. ______ conditions at different places on the Earth commonly change, the minerals change too.

a. although

b. since

c. because of

d. consequently

7. The conditions at specific places on the Earth’s surface commonly change ______ the minerals change too.

a. although

b. since

c. because

d. consequently

Ex.7.

На основании информации текста дайте развернутые определения следующим веществам:

1) Olivine is ______ which ______

2) ______ which ______ is referred to as olivine

3) Clay minerals are ______

4) ______ are referred to as clay minerals

5) Micas are ______

6) ______ are referred to as micas

Ex.8.