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TYPHOID




Typhoid fever can be contracted through contaminated drinking water or food.

 

Exercises:

 

1.Complete the sentences. Look at А, В and С to help you.

1……………for heart disease include smoking, high cholesterol and a family history of heart disease.

2. In a small number of cases screening will not identify patients with the early signs of a disease. These are........................

3. Some people without signs of the disease will be wrongly identified as having the disease. These are…………….

4. People……………blood should be immunized against Hepatitis B.

5. A…………..vaccination is given some time after the first vaccination to make sure the level of antibodies remains high.

6. Hepatitis В can be……………through blood.

7. Penicillin now has no effect against some hospital-acquired infections as they are ……………penicillin.

8. An…………..of measles has affected a number of children who had not been Immunized.

2. Which of the immunizations listed in С would you recommend for the following visitors to South Asia?

1. A tourist who will stay for a few nights in five-star hotels in major cities

2. A backpacker who will travel by local transport from one city to another

3. A medical student doing an elective in a city hospital

4. A volunteer who will live for a year in a rural community

5. A traveller who has not had a tetanus vaccination for ten years

 

 

Unit 19 Epidemiology

Incidence – заболеваемость (число новых случаев заболевания за определенный период времени)

Prevalence – распространенность

Rates

The study of the spread and control of diseases in the community (epidemiology) requires analysis of frequency - the number of times something occurs in a particular period. We talk about frequency using word combinations with rate:

birth death (mortality) case fatality survival   rate = the number of births in a population(group of people)
= the number of deaths in a population
= the number of deaths from a particular disease
= the number of patients still alive after treatment for a particular disease

 

The birth rate in Singapore is 10.2 per 1,000 population

 

The infant mortality rate in Singapore is 3.0 per 1,000 live births.


 

Other words used to talk about frequency:

Malaria is common inmany developing countries.
    Uncommon rare in developed countries.


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