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ВСТУПЛЕНИЕ 13 страница




distant ['distant] аотдаленныйinflammation Linfta'meijn] n воспалениеpus [pAs] nгной

marrow ['maerou] nкостныймозгspread [spred] v распространять(ся) minor ['maind] анезначительныйinflame [in'fleim] v воспалятьсяoedema [I'diims] nотек


«•vera [si'vis] а резкий, сильный *appropriate[э proupmt] а подходящий, it*Kionj'riicfcn] nобласть, район, зона соответствующий

Упражнения

Упражнение 1. Найдите и определите время и залог глаголов-сказуемых в следующих предложениях.

1. The earlier investigators of bacteria thought of them as tiny ani­mals which were generally grouped together with the microscopic ani­mals called protozoans. 2. Probably the bacteria are made up of various kinds of organisms, some are related to algae, others to fungi. Future research will doubtless throw more light on such relationship. 3. Before i he middle of the nineteenth century, the word «virus» was commonly applied to all toxic or poisonous substances, including snake venom. 4. Viruses are distinguished from poisons and venoms because of their infectious quality. 5. In addition to smallpox and yellow fever, viruses cause such human diseases as mumps, measles, poliomyelitis, chicken pox, Japanese Вencephalitis, infectious hepatitis, influenza and proba­bly the common cold.

Упражнение 2. Прочтите первый абзац текста А. Обратите внимание на произношение медицинских терминов.

Упражнение 3. Образуйте производные слова согласно данной модели и переведите их.

Существительное + -ed= прилагательное: markзнак, метка, след; черта; известность —markedотмеченный, заметный; значи­тельный, известный.

fur(мех; налет на языке); bruise(синяк); fracture(перелом); dis­ease; dress

Упражнение 4. Прочтите и переведите данные однокоренные слова.

1. distant, distance, distantly; 2. evident, evidence, evidently; 3. to inflame, inflamed, inflammable, inflammation; 4. to suppurate, suppu­rative, suppuration;5. severe, severely, severity; 6. region, regional

Упражнение 5. Прочтите и переведите следующие словосочетания.

X-ray evidence, inflammation of lungs, abdominal region, regional operation, severe pain, attack of coughing, to be severely ill

Упражнение 6. Просмотрите текст А и назовите основные симптомы ос­трого остеомиелита.

Text А Acute Osteomyelitis

1. In this text we shall discuss the signs and symptoms of acute osteo­myelitis, an infectious suppurative disease affecting bones.

Osteomyelitis is generally caused by Staphylococcus, which reaches the bones via the blood stream from a distant focus, often a throat infection. Its rise was especially sharp during World War II, particulary in 1942-46 when the lack of due antibiotics made the disease uncured.

2. The disease generally affects the upper end of tibia or lower end of femur. The infection is followed by intense reaction, with pus formation in the marrow spaces. From there the suppuration spreads along the marrow cavity and also through the cortex, to erupt on the surface and form a subperiosteal abscess. In some cases the marrow cavity is widely involved; in others, on the contrary, there is a large subperiosteal ab­scess, but little or no pus within the bone.

3. Almost always part of bone becomes necrotic, due to the toxic effect of pus under tension and to obliteration by the subperiosteal abscess of the periosteal vessels supplying the bone cortex. The main ntitrient artery itself may be thrombosed, leading to necrosis of the major part of the bone.

4. Acute osteomyelitis generally affects children, especially if in poor health, after an infectious fever. Sometimes there is a history of minor injury to the part a few days before the onset of acute symptoms.

5. In a typical case the onset is sudden. Then pain and inflammation of the bone are accompanied by marked toxaemia. The temperature rises, often to 103° or 104° F, the face is flushed and the tongue is furred. The leucocyte count rises to 20.000 or more. Delirium is frequent. The pain is severe. The limb is held immobile. The skin over the inflamed region is hot and red, and dilated veins may be evident. Slight superficial edema appears early. Localising signs develop early in the case of a superficial bone such as the tibia, later if the bone is deeply placed.

6. Acute osteomyelitis is a dangerous disease, especially when it affects a deep-seated bone, such as the upper end of the femur, pelvis or vertebrae. In those who survive the acute phase the disease often persists as chronic

osteomyelitis. Eventually complete restoration of functions and general health

i

will be expected in most cases, when appropriate treatment is applied.

Упражнение 7. Прочтите и переведите текст А Абзац 5 переведите письменно.


1. What kind of diseases is osteomyelitis. 2. When was its rise especially ■harp? Why?3.What is osteomyelitis caused by?4.Where does the infec- non localize? 5. What is the course of the disease? 6. How does the thsease begin in a typical case? 7. Does the disease persist as a chronic one or is complete restoration of functions and general health possible?

Упражнение 9. Переведите данные предложения. Определите, какой частью речи являются выделенные слова.

1. The disease generally affects the upper end of tibia or lower end of lemur. 2. The infection is followed by intense reaction, with pus forma­tion in the marrow spaces. 3. Almost always part of the bone becomes necrotic, due to the toxic effect of pus under the tension. 4. The main nutrient artery itself may be thrombosed. 5. In those who survive the

acute phase the disease often persists as chronic osteomyelitis.

>

Упражнение 10. Найдите в каждом абзаце предложения, выражающие основную мысль данного абзаца. Выпишите их.

Упражнение 11. Найдите в каждом ряду слово, синонимичное по значению первому слову ряда.

1. distant - obvious, remote, far-away, distinct, close; 2. to involve - to invent, to include, to invite, to affect; 3. to spread — to go over, to divide, to distribute, to cover, to scatter; 4. onset - attack, beginning, process, turning-point; 5. severe — low, short-turn, acute, chronic; 6. region — locality, district, area, part, partition

Упражнение 12. Найдите в каждом ряду слово, противоположное по шачению первому слову ряда.

1. acute — dye, due, dull, dry; 2. minor — main, general, major, important; 3. evident — unclear, obscure; 4. appropriate - unsuitable, unfitting, common; 5. deeply — above, outside, superficially

Упражнение 13. Поставьте глаголы-сказуемые в форму действительного залога.

1. Acute osteomyelitis is generally caused by Staphylococcus aureus. 2. The infection was followed by intense reaction with pus formation in the marrow spaces. 3. After hospitalization he was prescribed appropri­ate treatment at home by his family doctor. 4. The wound will be dressed by her every second day.

Упражнение 14. Переведите следующие предожения на английский язык письменно.

1. Ее отправили в больницу два дня назад. 2. Доктор сказал, что нужна срочная операция. 3. При остеомиелите поражаются кости. 4. Гипсовую повязку снимут через три дня. 5. Рана зажила и боль­ному разрешили двигаться, 6. При остеомиелите в костном мозге образуется гной.

Часть II

Слова к части II


 


fracture ['fraektfa] п перелом siteп место (расположение) damage ['daemidft] vповреждать; п

повреждение tear [tea] vрвать, разрывать prompt [promt]а быстрый heal [hi:l] vизлечивать; заживлять healing ['hi:lir)] nизлечивание; за­живление relationship [ri'leijnfip] nвзаимоот­ношения accomplish [d'komplij] vвыполнять,

завершать, достигать degree [di'gri:] nстепень tender ['tenda] а болезненный tendernessnболезненность bruise [bru:z] nсиняк, кровоподтек bruisingnпосинение swellingnопухание, опухоль bleed [bli:d] vкровоточить bleedingnкровотечение dress [dres] vбинтовать dressingnповязка


 


Упражнения

Упражнение 1. Прочтите и переведите следующие слова.

communication, position, to restore, correct, to protect, irregularly, especially, to fix

Упражнение 2. Найдите в данном ряду слово, значение которого дано в начале ряда.

1. повреждать (наноситьущерб) — to wound, to hurt, to damage, to harm; 2. заживлять - to cure, to restore, to heal, to treat; 3. выпол­нять (завершать) — to fulfil, to complete, to finish; 4. рвать, ранить — to separate, to lacerate, to tear

Упражнение 3. Назовите корневые слова, от которых образованы данные производные, и переведите их на русский язык.

1. relation, relationship, relative, relatively; 2. tenderly, tenderness, tender-hearted; 3. swelling, swelled; 4. dressed, dressing

>пражнение 4. Прочтите текст В'(Ю мин). 1) Скажите, какие типы пере- шмов описаны в тексте. 2) Найдите в тексте предложения с глаголом- казуемым в действительном и страдательном залоге. Укажитевремяска- |усмого. 3) Переведитепредложения.

Text ВFractures

A fracture is a broken bone. There may be different types of fractures. A closed or simple fracture results from an injury which breaks a bone without causing any external wound at the site of the break. In case of ,m open or compound fracture there is a wound of the skin at the site of i he fracture, and this will allow communication between the outside air .md the broken bone, therefore it is «open». When the sharp ends of a broken bone damage an internal organ such as the brain or lungs, this is known as «complicated fracture».

In compound fractures early and prompt healing with good function will be obtained only by early repositions in correct position. This is necessary not only to restore the bone structures, but to place the soft parts in relationship for correct function as well. All compound fracture patients must be protected against movement, muscle spasm, and loss of position. This is accomplished by fixation of fracture fragments in plaster of Paris casts1 or in any other way. Frequent dressing of wounds in compound fractures is unnecessary.

What are the symptoms and signs of a fracture? Shock is always present in some degree with any fracture. Sometimes it may be severe. Pain and lendemess at the site of fracture is quickly followed by bruising and swell­ing. Bleeding is frequent in case of an open fracture. Irregularity on the surface of the bone may also be seen, e.g. on the collar-bone or the bone of an arm. In an open fracture the ends of the broken bone may be sticking out of the wound. A person's leg which was broken may be turned underneath him with the foot turned round the wrong way. The bones of the leg may be bent in a place where there is a joint, e.g. between the knee and the foot if both bones of the leg are broken.

First-aid treatment of fracture. Lay the patient down. This will lessen shock. If there is a fracture of the skull raise the patient's head and shoulders a little and support them. Stop bleeding if the fracture is open, and apply a dressing. In all open fractures there is some bleeding, but it can generally be stopped by putting on a dressing. If bleeding continues, it is necessary to use indirect pressure, especially if the bleed­ing is from an artery.

Fix the damaged part so that any movement by the patient cannot cause the broken bone to move, as this will increase the deformity, cause great pain and make shock worse.

Notes

1. plaster of Paris cast гипсоваяповязка

Упражнение 6. Найдите в тексте предложения, более полно выражающие мысль данных суждений, и прочтите их.

1. There may be different types of fractures: closed, open, complete. 2. In compound fractures early healing may be obtained. 3. Compound fracture patients must be protected against movement. 4. Bleeding should be stopped. 5. Fix the damaged part.

Упражнение 7.ПередайтеосновноесодержаниетекстаВ.

Часть III

Контрольно-обобщающие упражнения к уроку 15

Упражнение 1. Укажите, в каких предложениях глагол стоит в страдатель­ном залоге.

1. The bones of the leg were bent between the knee and the foot. 2. In all open fractures there is some bleeding. 3. Roentgenograms revealed new bone formation. 4. The fractures are caused by direct violence and indirect violence. 5. Pain and tenderness in the bone were followed by bruising. 6. Thepatient'slegwasheldimmobill.

(Ответ: 1, 4, 5, 6. Если вы ошиблись, повторите § 4 Граммати­ческого справочника.) )

I

Упражнение 2. Определите, в каких предложениях глаголtobeявляется: а) частью страдательного залога; б) глагрлом-связкой.

1. If the limb is distorted consult a traumatologist. 2. In patients with broken bones in an arm or hand the affected limb is secured to the body with bandages. 3. One of the patients was a boy of ten with complaints of pain in both arms. 4. It was necessary to apply plaster of Paris cast at once. 5. The bleeding was stopped by putting on a dressing. 6. The diagnosis of a complicated fracture was made and the girl was directed to the traumatological department. 7. Doctor N. was particularly atten­tive to the man with a comlicated fracture.


(Ответ: a) 1,2, 5, 6; б) 3, 4, 7. Если вы ошиблись, повторите § 15 Грамматического справочника.)

Упражнение 3. Выберите правильные значения выделенных слов.

1. They dreamed of(мечтали, виделивосне) becoming surgeons after they graduated from the Institute. 2. They learned(учить, изучать, узнавать) that their group would begin their practical studies on Friday. 3. Their practical studies in surgery will begin at the surgical department (кафедра, факультет, отдел, отделение).

LESSON SIXTEEN

CORONARY HEART DISEASES

Повторение:ВременагруппыPerfect (Active and Passive Voice) (§§ 12, 14)

Часть I

Слова к части I


 


die [dai] v умирать

death [deO] n смерть

obstruction [ab strAkJn] n препятствие

recover [ri'kAva] v выздоравливать

recovery nвыздоровление

notice ['noutisj v замечать; отмечатьexperience [iks'piarians] n опыт; слу­чай; переживание; v испытыватьestimate ['estimeit] v считать; оце­нивать

estimation[ esti'meijn] n оценкаailment ['eilmgnt] n заболеваниеchief [tfi:f] аглавныйillness nзаболевание, болезнь


 


Упражнения

Упражнение 1. Найдите глаголы-сказуемые в следующих предложениях. Определитеихвремяизалог.

1. The marked increase in patients entering emergency rooms in hos­pitals has resulted in a need for increasing facilities in almost every hospital. 2. The patient was examined for an injury to his leg which had been broken in an automobile accident. 3. Four weeks later the deep abrasions of the thigh were skin grafted. 4. If a bone in the forearm is broken the splint must reach above the elbow and extend below the wrist. 5. For thousands of years mankind had accumulated knowledge in surgery, but real development in this field of medicine started only in

the 19th century. 6. By the end of the week we shall have explored surgically the posterior tibial artery.

Упражнение 2. Образуйте 2 пары предложений от данных ниже: а) с глаголом-сказуемым в PresentPerfect (Active, Passive); б) с глаголом- сказуемым в PastPerfect (Active, Passive) согласно образцу.

Образец: The nurse (to dress) the patient's wound.

1. The nurse has dressed the patient's wound. The pa­tient's wound has been dressed by the nurse.

2. The nurse had dressed the patient's wound. The pa­tient's wound had been dressed by the nurse.

1. The teacher (to demonstrate) open fracture of the thorax. 2. The physician (to examine) the boy with osteomyelitis. 3. He (to apply) plaster of Paris cast. 4. The students (to see) patients with a complicated fracture.

Упражнение 3. Прочтите и переведите следующие слова и словосоче­тания.

heart, coronary, contraction, approximately, surface, diabetic, per cent, angina pectoris, obesity, fortunately, degenerative, severity

Упражнение 4. Запомните значение суффикса -ness. Образуйте суще­ствительные от следующих прилагательных согласно модели и переве­дите их.

Прилагательное + -ness= существительное со значением каче­ства или состояния: acuteострый —acutenessострота. ill, sick, excessive, distinctive, calm

■»

Упражнение 5. Прочтите и переведите следующие гнезда слов.

1. to expert — experience, experienced; 2. to die — death, deadly, dying; 3. to cease — cessation, ceaseless; 4. to obstruct — obstructive, obstruction; 5. to recover - recovery, recoverable

Упражнение 6. Прочтите и переведите следующие словосочетания.

to recover sight (hearing, voice, one's breath, consciousness); dead- born; to experience pain; an obstruction in the throat

^ пражнение 7. Просмотрите текст А и изложите основные факты текста.

Text A Coronary Heart Disease

1. The coronary blood vessels surrounding the heart have derived their n.ime from the fact that they encircle the heart like a crown, or corona. I hese vessels transport almost a half pint of blood every minute over the nrface of the heart. Any sudden blockage of one of the coronary arteries deprives that section of the heart of its blood supply. Cardiac cells die, heart contractions may cease, and circulation may come to a standstill. If i coronary artery is completely plugged, the condition is. called a coro­nary occlusion'or heart at- Ql. tack. The vascular pathologic

disorder itself has been very variable. If the obstruction is only partial or in one of the smaller coronary tribu­taries, prompt treatment of­ten leads to the individual's recovery. An occlusion in main coronary arteries is very serious and may cause

Fig. 14.Coronary arteries supplying the heart.sudden death 0ther causes

of the coronary disease in- lude heavy physical exercise, aging, diatetic habits, obesity, smoking, or hypertension.

2. Pain which had been developed in the heart may be due to a blood - ilow deficiency in the coronary vessels. This is referred to (actually felt in) i he left arm and shoulder. Such pain from the heart has been called mgina pectoris. Angina pectoris may not actually be noticed until the \sork load is too great in relation to the flow in the coronary vessels. Teople who had experienced it repeatedly often do not feel pain unless i hey experience strong emotion. Others experience it much of the time.

3. Fortunately, the great majority of coronary disease patients will have recovered and have been able to lead active, useful lives, when i hey receive proper treatment under good medical supervision. There ire many preparations which have been effective and are under clinical investigation at the present time. ь

Heart and Artery Diseases

Superi< vena с
Left coronary artery
Might oronary utery

4. Heart and artery diseases have been presently the number one health problem in the world. Cardiovascular ailments are by far the chief


causes of illness, disability, and death among both middle-aged and ! elderly people. Among these, coronary heart disease, illness of the blood ' vessels supplying the heart, is responsible for the greatest number of deaths (over 50 per cent of all cardiovascular diseases). Causes of other cardiovascular disease deaths, in order of decreasing importance, are stroke and hypertension. These three diseases are responsible for more than 80 per cent of all cardiovascular disease deaths.

5. Like cancer and emphysema, heart diseases appear to be related to the extension of the average life span. Certain factors are definitely involved in the high incidence of heart disease - the stress, diets high in saturated fats, the tendency toward obesity with age, lack of sufficient'1 physical exercise, and thje incidence of smoking. These factors appear to relate to a higher incidence of heart desease than in societies lacking | these characteristics. 4 v 1 • ^ ;

6. The severity and danger of foe art and artery diseases which we had^ previously described cannot be fninimized; a disease in an arm or leg may cripple a person, but a disease of the heart may lead to his death.

Упражнение 9. Прочтите и переведите текст А. Абзацы 2 и 3 переведите \ письменно.

•• I

■ ' ' * '-А

Упражнение 10. Найдите в тексте А ответы на следующие вопросы и! прочтите их. v _ ^ j

1. What kinds of cardiovascular diseases have been discribed in text A? 2. What does the sudden blockage of the coronary artery result in? 3. What are the conditions caused by coronary occlusion? 4. What is m angina pectoris? What do people experience in this condition? 5. Why heart and artery diseases have been recently the number one health Щproblem in the world? / ■ ;, » ; t

I l1 1 (->' i ;

Упражнение 11. Составьте письменно план текста А.

Упражнение 12. Передайте основную мысль абзацев 4 и 5 текста А одним— двумя предложениями.

Упражнение 13. Вставьте подходящие по смыслу слова в данные предло­жения:fortunately, approximately, also.

I

1. ..., the great majority of coronary disease patients recover and are able to lead active, useful lives if they receive proper treatment under ] good medical supervision. 2. ... one fourth of all deaths in the world result from coronary artery disease. 3. ... it is estimated that more than


' ; Lesson 16^ 179

one out of every ten persons suffers some degree of insufficiency of blood supply to the heart.

Упражнение 14. Дайте синонимы к следующим словам. ' ^ j fj / to cease, obstruction, illness, serious, majority

Упражнение 15. Прочтите и переведите текст. Объясните употребление

глагольных времен и залога.

• • •

Twenty patients with arterial occlusion have been treated by system­atic infusions since May. In many of these patients the obstruction had been present for so long> that irreversible changes, had already taken

Place. / 'tend сOJ<-

Obstruction in eleven patients was of more than twenty-four-hours' duration and in four was more than forty-eight hours old.

Only eight patients were treated within twenty-four to thirty hours of l he onset of the obstruction. Of these five (62 per cent) had complete return of circulation. Return of circulation usually occurred after ten to (welve hours of continuous intravenous therapy. It became apparent that even though improvement was obtained by one course of treatment, this did not assure a permanent response. The reasons for this are probably multiple and include: 1) a nidus of thrombus may remain on which com­plete rethrombosis can develop and 2) intimal damage remains as a source of rethrombosis. For these reasons we have repeated treatment for two to three days with the expectation that all thrombus will be eradicated and

the vessel wall will have a chance to repair itself.

/

Часть II

Слова к части II


 


meanvзначить, означать meaningп значение result [rizAlt] v (from)быть резуль­татом

displace [dis'pleis] vперемещать believe [bi'li:v] vполагать, считать suffer ['sAfe] v (from)страдать

weakа слабый weakenvослаблять rupture ['rAptfa] nразрыв; vразры­вать

haemorrhage ['hemsridj] nкровоте­чение; vкровоточить


 


Упражнения

Упражнение 1. Найдите корневые слова, от которых образованы данные производные, и переведите их на русский язык.


normally, presented, frequently, increasing, imbalance, excessive, weakened

I

1 /

Упражнение 2. Прочтите текст В (10 мин). 1) Назовите симптомы гипер­тонии. 2) Найдите предложения с глаголом-сказуемым в действительном и страдательном залоге в формеPerfect.Укажите время, которым выра­жены сказуемые. 3) Переведите эти предложения.

TextВ Hypertension

Hypertension simply means high blood pressure. As a normal heart pumps blood through the body, a certain degree of pressure is excreted { against the blood vessels. With each beat of the left ventricle, a wave ol pressure starts at the heart and travels along the arteries. This wave is called the pulse. The pulse can be felt on any arteries that are close to the surface of the body, such as on the wrist, the sides of the throat ancf' the temple. The pulse results from the blood pressure. The blood pres­sure at the moment of contraction is the systolic pressure; it should normally be sufficient to displace about 120 miji. mercury in a glass tube. The blood pressure at the moment of relaxation of the heart is the diastolic pressure; it normally displaces about80 mm. of mercury. Blood pressure readings, which have been frequently taken during a general physical examination are presented as a ratio of the first figure over the second.

Most physiologists have considered a blood pressure reading of 150/90 as excessive. This can be considered a useful definition of high blood presstire.

Hypertension is very common. It is believed that about one out of every five individuals has suffered from it and that about 13 per cent of all deaths have been a direct result of it. Hypertension has become more common with increasing age and affects men about twice as often as women.

In about 90 per cent of the known cases, it has been described as essential hypertension, a hereditary condition. In other cases it may be due to the removal of a kidney, kidney disease, excessive narrowing of the arteries, hormone imbalance, or excessive salt in the diet.

Hypertension is damaging for two reasons: 1) it puts an excess work load on the heart and the left ventricle in particular; 2) the arteries may be damaged by excessive pressure. A hypertensive patient tends to de­velop cardiovascular ailments much sooner than a person who had not suffered from hypertension.


'I i ■ i

This high blood pressure in the arteries causes a hardening (sclerosis) of blood vessels all over the body. The vessels become weakened; clots tend to form in them much more easily; some vessels rupture and haem­orrhage. Hence haemorrhage in the vessels of the brain (cerebral haem­orrhage) and vessels of the kidneys will have been particularly destruc­tive.

Упражнение 4. Найдите в тексте В предложения, более полно выражающие мысль данных суждений, и прочтите их вслух.

1. The pulse results from the blood pressure and can be measured. 2. There is systolic and diastolic pressure. 3. Hypertension is very com­mon. 4. The causes of hypertension may be different. 5. Hypertension is damaging for two reasons. 6. Hypertensive patients have tended to de­velop cardiovascular ailments.

Упражнение 5. ПередайтеосновноесодержаниетекстаВписьменно, использоваввкачествепланапредыдущееупражнение.

Часть III

»

Контрольно-обобщающие упражнения к уроку 16

Упражнение 1. Укажите, в каких предложениях глагол-сказуемое стоит во временах группы Perfect. J

'1 - - Г \

1. Cardiomyopathy has been defined as «acute, subacute, or chronic disorder of heart muscle of unknown or obscure etiology». 2. Apart from discomfort in his chest he had no history suggestive of myocardial inf­arction or angina. 3. A patient with a femoral artery embolus had marked temporary improvement in circulation. 4. The duration of treatment has been increased to a maximum of 16 hours in our patients. 5. The arterial occlusion had recurred by the next morning.

(Ответ: 1, 4, 5. Если вы ошиблись, повторите §§ 12, 14 Грамма- гического справочника.)

Упражнение 2. Укажите, в каких предложениях глагол-сказуемое стоит в форме страдательного залога.

1. The patient was admitted to the hospital with essential hypertension. 2. The woman responded slowly to diuretic therapy. 3. A loud heart-sound was audible at the mitral area. 4. The patient has been maintained for a year without further episodes of heart-failure. 5. The left ventricle was grossly dilated with very poor movements of all areas. 6. Gross mitral incompetence had not been suspected clinically previously.

(Ответ: 1, 4, 5, 6. Если вы ошиблись, повторите § 14 Граммати­ческого справочника.)

Упражнение 3. Переведите данные гнезда слов на английский язык.

1. опыт, испытывать, опытный; 2. умирать, смерть, умерщвлять, смертельно; 3. прекращать, прекращение, непрерывный; 4. непро­ходимость (закупорка), мешающий, закупоривать; 5. выздороветь, выздоровление

LESSON SEVENTEEN

RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS

Повторение:ВременагруппыContinuous (Active and Passive Voice) (§§ 11, 14)

Часть I

Слова к части I


 


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