GRAMMAR PRACTICE SECTION.

Participle clauses: contrast, reason, result, time. 1. Match the sentences with the explanations.
1. Although I understand your problem with the net, I can’t help you, I don’t have time. = While/in spite of/ despite understanding your problem, I can’t help you, I don’t have time.	a. Past participle clause (having + past participle) in place of clauses of reason in the present perfect or past simple.
2. He told her about new model of the computer they’d planned to buy and so he ruined the surprise for her. = He told her about new model of the computer they’d planned to buy, ruining the surprise for her.	b. After, before, since, while, on are used in participle clause to show actions happen at the same time or different time.
3. We decided to use different forms of multimedia because we want to send our ad messages to a great amount of people. = Deciding to use different forms of multimedia because we want to send our ad messages to a great amount of people.	c. To emphasise that one action happened before another, past participle (having + past participle) is used at the beginning of the sentence.
4. As he’s worked with the program for a long time, he can work wonders. = Having worked with the program for a long time, he can work wonders.	d. While, in spite of, despite are used to introduce present participle clauses in place of contrast or concession clauses.
5. When I tried the program for the first time, I didn’t like it. = On trying the program for the first time, I didn’t like it. (same time) I studied all the applications and then I did the work much quicker. = After studying all the applications and then I did the work much quicker.	e. Present participle clauses in place of clauses of result.
6. I’ve made all downloads and was ready to work. = Having made all downloads I was ready to work.	f. Present participle clauses in place of clauses of reason.

2. Write a story with participle clauses of contrast, reason, result, time.