ЛЕКСИКО-ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЙ КОММЕНТАРИЙ

1. Глагол to be означает «быть», «являться», «находиться». Он употребляется в предложениях, сообщающих о:

- профессии I am a teacher. – Я преподаватель.

- национальности I am an English. – Я англичанин.

- самочувствии I am well. – Я здоров.

- возрасте I am 18. – Мне 18 лет.

- гражданском She is married. – Она замужем.

состоянии

- классификации It is an umbrella. – Это зонтик.

- свойстве The weather is fine. –Погода хорошая.

- месте нахождения They are in London. – Они в Лондоне.

лица или предмета

To be – единственный английский глагол, который изменяется не только по временам, но и лицам и числам.

Глагол «to be» в Indefinite Tenses

Present Indefinite	Past Indefinite	Future Indefinite
Утвердительная форма
I am glad She He is glad It We You are glad They	I She was glad He It We You were glad They	I shall be glad She He will be glad It We shall be glad You will be glad They
Вопросительная форма
Am I glad? she Is he glad? it we Are you glad? they	I Was she glad? he it we Were you glad? they	Shall I be glad? she Will he be glad? it Shall we be glad? you Will they be glad?
Present Indefinite	Past Indefinite	Future Indefinite
отрицательная форма
I am not glad She He is not glad It We You are not glad They	I was not glad She He were not glad It We were not glad You They were not glad	I shall not be glad She He will not be glad It We shall not be glad You They will not be glad

2. Глагол to have означает «иметь». Он употребляется в предложениях, сообщающих о принадлежности:

I have many friends. У меня много друзей.

John has a nice English camera. У Джона есть хороший

английский фотоаппарат.

(Он имеет …)

Глагол to have изменяется по лицам и числам только в настоящем неопределенном времени.

Present Indefinite	Past Indefinite	Future Indefinite
I have a friend She He has a friend It We You have a friend They	I She He had a friend It We You had a friend They	I shall have a friend She He will have a friend It We shall have a friend You will have a friend They
вопросительная форма
Have I a friend? she Has he a friend? it we Have you a friend? they	I she Had he a friend? it we Had you a friend? they	Shall I have a friend she Will he have a friend it Shall we have a friend Will you have a they friend
отрицательная форма
I have not a friend She He has not a friend It We You have not a friend They	I She had not a friend He It We You had not a friend They	I shall not have a friend She He will not have It a friend We shall not have a friend You will not have They a friend

Часто, особенно в разговорной речи, глагол «to have» заменяется формой – «to have got». Have you got an extra pen? – У Вас есть лишняя ручка? She hasn’t got any money. – У нее нет денег.