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Subject
Forms
Indefinite Infinitive Active to write / to come
Indefinite Infinitive Passive to be written
Continuous Infinitive to be writing / to be coming
Perfect Infinitive Active to have written / to have come
Perfect Infinitive Passive to have been written
Perfect Continuous Infinitive to have been writing / to have been coming
Functions
Subject
Predicative
Object
Part of a Compound Verbal Modal Predicate
Part of a Compound verbal Aspect Predicate
Attribute
Adverbial Modifier of Purpose
Adverbial Modifier of Result
Adverbial Modifier of Comparison
Adverbial Modifier of Attendant Circumstances
Parenthesis
Complex Object
The For – to – Infinitive Construction
THE GERUND
A gerund is a noun formed from a verb which refers to an action, process, or state. In English, gerunds end in `-ing', for example `running' and `thinking'.
Forms
Indefinite Gerund Active writing
Indefinite Gerund Passive being written
Perfect Gerund Active having written
Perfect Gerund Passive having been written
Functions
Subject
Predicative
Direct Object
Prepositional Object
Part of a Compound Verbal Modal Predicate
Part of a Compound verbal Aspect Predicate
Attribute
Adverbial Modifier of Time
Adverbial Modifier of cause
Adverbial Modifier of Manner
Adverbial Modifier of Concession
Gerundial Constructions
PARTICIPLE I
In grammar, a PARTICIPLE is a form of a verb that can be used in compound tenses of the verb. There are two participles in English: the past participle, which usually ends in `-ed', and the present participle, which ends in `-ing'.
Forms
Participle I Indefinite Active writing
Participle I Indefinite Passive being written
Participle I Perfect Active having written
Participle I Perfect Passive having been written
Functions
Attribute
Predicative
Parenthesis
Adverbial Modifier of Time
Adverbial Modifier of Cause / Reason
Adverbial Modifier of Manner /Attendant Circumstances
Adverbial Modifier of Comparison
Complex Object
PARTICIPLE II
Forms
written translated
Functions
Attribute
Predicative
Adverbial Modifier of Time
Adverbial Modifier of Condition
Adverbial Modifier of Concession
Adverbial Modifier of Comparison
Complex Object
THE INFINITIVE
to write She likes to write letters.
to be written The letter must be written today.
to be writing She may be writing a story now.
to have written She may have written the letter yesterday.
to have been written The letter may have been written yesterday.
to have been writing She may have been writing a letter for 2 hours.
to run to be running to have run to have been running
to describe to be described to be describing
to have described to have been described to have been describing
Subject
1. Never to study at night was her rule.
2. To be presented with flowers was very pleasant.
3. To have seen Kelly was enough for her friend.
4. To have been informed about her arrival was a real pleasure for him.
5. To be swimming in the river was pleasant.
6. To have been waiting for a bus for half an hour was terrible.
7. It was my intention to show her the city.
8. It was interesting to be invited to the party.
9. It was strange to be listening to such music.
10. It was annoying to have been waiting for them for a long time.
11. It was irritating not to have been given the book.
12. It was nice to have translated the whole text.
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