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LESSON 8




 

Section 1. Grammar

 

Modal Verbs

1. Can (could) 2. To be able to 5. To have to 6. Needn’t
3. May. 7. Should
4. Must  

Can

Ex.1. Are the sentences True (T) or False (F)? Correct the false sentences.

 

Example: Cats can’t see in the dark. - F. Cats can see in the dark.

 

1. Cats can’t swim. ______________
2. Dogs can’t climb trees. ______________
3. Kangaroos can’t jump. ______________
4. Tortoises can run fast. ______________
5. Penguins can fly. ______________
6. Parrots can speak. ______________
7. Camels can walk for three months with no water. ______________
8. Elephants can live until they are seventy. ______________

 

Ex.2. Make the following sentences interrogative and answer them.

 

A. Example: She can read English.

Can she read English? - Yes, she can.

 

1. We can listen and hear with our ears.

____________________________

2. I can write only with my right hand.

____________________________

3. My brother can kick a ball with his foot.

____________________________

4. He can run 1500 metres in 5 minutes.

____________________________

5. Ducks can swim under the water.

____________________________

6. We can write the ABC.

____________________________

7. The kitten can lick with its tongue.

____________________________

8. You can smell with your nose.

____________________________

9. We can bite with our teeth.

____________________________

 

 

10. She can cook dishes of meat.

____________________________

 

B. Example: I can write with my left hand.

Can you write with your left hand? - No, I can’t.

 

1. The girl can speak French very well.

___________________________

2. I can type twenty words a minute.

___________________________

3. He can do this work himself.

___________________________

4. I can wait for a few minutes.

___________________________

5. Jack can run for two hours without stopping.

___________________________

6. Robert can play the piano.

___________________________

7. Dan can give you the book tomorrow.

___________________________

8. My dad can write with his left hand.

___________________________

9. She can finish the work next week.

___________________________

10. We can stand the frost well.

___________________________

 

Ex.3. Complete the questions with can and a suitable verb from the brackets.

Then match each question with an answer (use, speak, play, ride, see, make).

 

Example: 1. Can you play the piano?

1. _________________________ (you / the piano)?

2. _________________________ (you / any / foreign / languages)?

3. _________________________ (you / the guitar)?

4. _________________________ (you / mountains / from / your room)?

5. _________________________ (you / a computer)?

6. _________________________ (you / a cake)?

7. _________________________ (you / a motorbike)?

 

A: - No, I can’t, but I can type.

B: - Yes, I can. I like playing Chopin.

C: - Yes, I can. French and Spanish.

D: - No I can’t. I don’t like cooking.

E: - Yes we can. The view is wonderful.

F: - No, I can’t, but I can play the piano.

G: - No, I can’t. I think they are dangerous.

 

 

Could

 

Ex.1. Tell the group what you can do now that you couldn’t do some time ago.

 

Example: I couldn’t skate last winter, but now I can skate well.

 

1. repeat sentences after the recorded voice.

______________________________

2. read and speak two foreign languages.

_____________________________

3. play the guitar (the piano).

_____________________________

4. read foreign literature in the original.

____________________________

5. cook dishes of fish.

____________________________

6. go to the library with you.

____________________________

7. sew and knit myself.

____________________________

8. play chess.

____________________________

9. drive a car.

____________________________

10. buy a dictionary for you.

____________________________

 

 

To be able to do

 

Ex.1. Rewrite the sentences in the Future Simple Tense.

 

Example: I can see you later… (when you return).

I’ll be able to see you when you return.

1. Ann can cook well … (when she has had more practice).

____________________________________

2. She can’t believe you … (unless you tell her the truth).

____________________________________

3. Lena can speak English … (after she has had some lessons).

____________________________________

4. The people from the village can’t reach the house … (until it stops raining).

____________________________________

5. You can study medicine … (if you enter that college).

____________________________________

6. We can go swimming … (when it is warmer).

____________________________________

7. Jane can play the violin … (when her arm is better).

____________________________________

8. She can ring them up … (if she finds their telephone number).

____________________________________

9. They can work at school … (when they graduate from the Institute).

____________________________________

 

 

10. We can go on an excursion … (if we have spare time on Sunday).

____________________________________

 

Ex.2. Respond to these statements according to the example.

 

Example: They won’t be able to come to see us tomorrow.

And when will they be able to come?

 

1. She won’t be able to go to the theatre tomorrow.

_________________________________

2. Jill won’t be able to answer all the letters today.

_________________________________

3. I won’t be able to help you with English tonight.

_________________________________

4. They won’t be able to come back before dinner.

_________________________________

5. She won’t be able to buy a new coat this year.

__________________________________

6. Mother won’t be able to prepare dinner before our arrival.

__________________________________

7. He won’t be able to stay in Moscow in summer.

__________________________________

8. The children won’t be able to take part in this discussion.

__________________________________

 

Ex.3. Complete the sentences with can / be able to in the correct tense.

 

1. I __________ get my degree next year.

2. She ___________ visit us yesterday, because she was busy.

3. I __________ finish this work today. I’m tired.

4. We have no class on Tuesday, that’s why we __________

get ready for the next seminar.

5. I’m afraid I _________ translate this article tonight.

6. Did you buy any fresh meat? – No, I _________ get any.

7. I think you _________ play tennis better after a bit of practice.

8. She _________ dance quite nicely when she was a girl.

 

Ex.4. Extend the statements according to the example.

 

Example: I’m very busy now. (to go) - I can’t go.

 

1. Who is over there? (to see) ________________________

2. What language is he speaking? (to understand) ________________________

3. I’m too tired. (to walk) ________________________

4. My head is aching. (to read) ________________________

5. Don’t ask me to cook. (to cook) ________________________

6. No, I’m not going to the skating-rink. (to skate) ________________________

7. Speak louder, please. (to hear) ________________________

8. Help him to carry this box, please. (to lift) ________________________

9. Show her some more books. (to choose) ________________________

 

 

May, Must and Have to

 

Ex.1. Ask your teacher if you may.

 

1. _______________ come a bit late for the next class?

2. _______________ fetch a piece of chalk?

3. _______________ miss the lecture?

4. _______________ open the window and air the room?

5. _______________ leave the class before the bell goes?

6. _______________ shut the window if you are cold?

7. _______________ change places with somebody?

8. _______________ smoke in this room?

9. _______________do this exercises orally?

10. _______________take the book home and keep it for a week?

 

Ex.2. Change the following sentences in Past and Future.

 

Example: She must do the exercise again.

She had to do the exercise again.

She will have to do the exercise again.

 

1. I must cook our dinner while Mother is away.

________________________________

________________________________

2. We must catch the 8.30 train to arrive in time.

________________________________

________________________________

3. You must always come in time to classes.

________________________________

________________________________

4. He must revise all the rules before writing the test.

________________________________

________________________________

5. I must go to the laboratory after classes.

________________________________

________________________________

6. We must discuss this question with the group leader.

_________________________________

_________________________________

7. You must write a business letter on one side of the paper only.

_________________________________

_________________________________

8. Everyone must leave hats and coats in the cloakroom.

_________________________________

_________________________________

Ex.3. Fill inmustn’t / needn’t.

 

1. You __________ buy tomatoes, we have plenty of them at home.

2. One __________ cross the street with the red light.

 

3. David is well. He _________ take this medicine.

4. You ________ turn on the light. I can see quite well.

5. Pupils ________ talk during the lesson.

6. She ________ write the whole exercise. Ten sentences are enough.

7. You _________ take the books in my absence.

8. We _________ ring him up. He’ll be here tonight.

9. We _________ take notice of his strange behaviour.

10.You _________ worry; this matter isn’t risky at all.

 

Ex.4. Rewrite the sentences in the interrogative and negative form.

 

1. We had to work hard to learn how to solve such problems.

____________________________________

____________________________________

2. He’ll have to answer her letter without any delay.

____________________________________

____________________________________

3. You have to speak louder to make yourself heard.

____________________________________

____________________________________

4. They had to repeat their experiment.

____________________________________

____________________________________

5. I’ll have to work from morning till night to earn my living.

____________________________________

____________________________________

6. She’ll have to give a talk at the next meeting.

____________________________________

____________________________________

7. We had to change the plan.

____________________________________

____________________________________

8. He has to revise all the material.

____________________________________

____________________________________

9. She has to call on her sick friend.

____________________________________

____________________________________

10. We have to look after granny.

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

Should

Ex.1. Change the following sentences usingshould.

Example:I don’t advise you to make any marks on the books.

You shouldn’t make any marks on the books.

 

1. I don’t advise you to wear this dress for the occasion.

___________________________________

2. It’s a pity you don’t want to apologize to him.

___________________________________

 

 

3. I’ve advised you to speak to him frankly.

___________________________________

4. I don’t advise them to make a decision in a hurry.

___________________________________

5. I think you must consider the matter carefully.

___________________________________

6. It’s a pity Mr. Wilson doesn’t walk much.

___________________________________

7. I think you need more rest after your work.

___________________________________

8. It’s a pity he is so inattentive.

___________________________________

9. I don’t advise you to keep eggs in the refrigerator.

___________________________________

10. I don’t advise Dick to ride fast.

___________________________________

 

Ex. 2.Translate the sentences into English usingshould.

1. Вам не следует много курить. __________________________________ 2. Детям следует заботиться о своих родителях. __________________________________ 3. Ей следует писать диктанты каждый день. __________________________________ 4. Студентам следует прочесть эту книгу в оригинале. __________________________________ 5. Вам следует больше читать. __________________________________ 6. Тебе надо проверить сочинение прежде, чем ты его сдашь. __________________________________ 7. Вам надо ходить к зубному врачу раз в месяц. __________________________________ 8. Не следует прерывать других людей в разговоре. ___________________________________

 

Section 2. Reading

Text 1

 


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