Complete the sentences

Vocabulary

Complete the sentences

1. A bruise happens when …. is struck and …. are crushed but the skin doesn't break.

2. Blood from … (small blood vessels) near the skin's surface escapes by … under the skin

3. …. gets trapped, forming … mark that's tender when you touch it — a bruise

4. Bruises can happen for many reasons, but most are the result ….

5. You can help speed the healing …

6. You can use stuff you find right in your freezer to help ….

7. When you first get a bruise …. helps reduce its size.

8. Another … is to use a bag of ….

9. Another way to help heal your bruise is to elevate ….

10. If the bruise is on your shin, …..your leg.

Burns aren't cause for concern and can be safely treated at home; other more serious burns require medical care. But taking some simple precautions to make your home safer can prevent many burns.

Burns are often categorized as first-, second-, or third-degree, depending on how badly the skin is damaged. Each of the injuries above can cause any of these three types of burns. But both the type of burn and its cause will determine how the burn is treated.

First-Degree Burns First-degree burns, the mildest of the three, are limited to the top layer of skin: Signs and symptoms: These burns produce redness, pain, and minor swelling. The skin is dry without blisters. Healing time: Healing time is about 3 to 6 days; the superficial skin layer over the burn may peel off in 1 or 2 days. Second-Degree Burns Second-degree burns are more serious and involve the skin layers beneath the top layer: Signs and symptoms: These burns produce blisters, severe pain, and redness. The blisters sometimes break open and the area is wet looking with a bright pink to cherry red color. Healing time: Healing time varies depending on the severity of the burn. It can take up to 3 weeks or more. Third-Degree Burns Third-degree burns are the most serious type of burn and involve all the layers of the skin and underlying tissue: Signs and symptoms: The surface appears dry and can look waxy white, leathery, brown, or charred. There may be little or no pain or the area may feel numb at first because of nerve damage.

Healing time: Healing time depends on the severity of the burn. Deep second- and third-degree burns will likely need to be treated with skin grafts, in which healthy skin is taken from another part of the body and surgically placed over.

What to Do for First-Degree Burns:

• Remove a person from the heat source.
• Remove clothing from the burned area immediately.
• Run cool (not cold) water over the burned area (if water isn't available, any cold, drinkable fluid can be used) or hold a clean, cold compress on the burn for approximately 3-5 minutes (do not use ice, as it may cause more destruction to the injured skin).
• Do not apply butter, grease, powder, or any other remedies to the burn, as these can make the burn deeper and increase the risk of infection.
• Apply aloe gel or cream to the affected area. This may be done a few times during the day.
• Give acetaminophen or ibuprofen for pain. Refer to the dosing guidelines on the label according to age or weight.
• If the area affected is small (the size of a quarter or smaller), keep it clean. You can protect it with a sterile gauze pad or bandage for the next 24 hours (but do not use adhesive bandages on very young kids, as these can be a choking hazard).

For Second- and Third-Degree Burns:

• Seek emergency medical care, then follow these steps until medical personnel arrive:
• Keep lying down with the burned area elevated.
• Follow the instructions for first-degree burns.
• Remove all jewelry and clothing from around the burn (in case there's any swelling after the injury), except for clothing that's stuck to the skin. If you're having difficulty removing clothing, you may need to cut it off or wait until medical assistance arrives.
• Do not break any blisters.
• Apply cool water over the area for at least 3-5 minutes, and then cover the area with a clean dry cloth or sheet until help arrives.