XII. Render the text close to its original variant. XIII. Could you explain why ancient, medieval and modern historians were so greatly interested in scientific knowledge?

XIII. Could you explain why ancient, medieval and modern historians were so greatly interested in scientific knowledge? Write an essay on this theme.

Unit IX

I. Look through the words and expressions and learn them:

Ø locating related events relative to each other – розташування пов'язаних між собою подій відносно одна одної;

Ø the two blurs –дві нечіткі риси;

Ø to be blurred by use of different calendars – бути розмитим при використанні різних календарів;

Ø coherent system of numbered calendar years – логічно послідовна система пронумерованих календарних років;

Ø to reckon back to any supposed year – вести літочислення від якогось умовного року;

Ø to pioneer sequence dating – першим запровадити послідовне датування;

Ø to penetrate times – зрозуміти часи;

Ø wares discovered at strata – товари знайдені у пластах землі;

Ø to extend the network of chronologies – розширити схему хронології;

Ø an axiom of corroborative evidence – аксіома підкріплюючого свідчення;

Ø to be routinely applied in – регулярно пристосовуватися;

Ø to assign unrealistically long lifespan – встановлювати неправдоподібно довгу тривалість життя;

Ø potent explanation – ефективне пояснення

II. Read and translate the text:

CHRONOLOGY

Chronology is the science of locating events in time. An arrangement of events, from either earliest to latest or the reverse, is also called a chronology or, particularly when involving graphical elements, a timeline or a living graph. Unlike chronometry (i.e. timekeeping), which is part of physics, (general) chronology, as the science of locating historical events in time, is part of the discipline of history.

A chronology may be either relative—that is, locating related events relative to each other—or absolute—locating these events to specific dates in a Chronological Era. In that these dates are themselves events, the difference between the two blurs a little: an absolute chronology just includes a strange sort of event called a date which is common to all absolute chronologies covering the same period of time. Even this distinction may be blurred by use of different calendars. In Judeo-Christian cultures, historical dates in an absolute chronology are understood to be referred to the Christian era, in combination with the (proleptic) Julian calendar (originally) and the Gregorian calendar respectively.