Блок 3. Прочитайтетекстивыполнитезадания

Задание 23 (Кейс-задание).

Прочитайтетекстивыполнитезадания.
Vacuum
1. Evangelista Torricelli produced the first laboratory vacuum in 1643, and other experimental techniques were developed as a result of his theories of atmospheric pressure. A torricellian vacuum is created by filling a tall glass container closed at one end with mercury and then inverting the container into a bowl to contain the mercury.
2. The quality of a vacuum refers to how closely it approaches a perfect vacuum. Residual gas pressure is a primary indicator of quality, and is most commonly measured in units called torr, even in metric contexts. Lower pressures indicate higher quality, although other variables must also be taken into account.
3. Vacuum became a valuable industrial tool in the 20th century with the introduction of incandescent light bulbs and vacuum tubes, and a wide array of vacuum technology has since become available. The recent development of human spaceflight has raised interest in the impact of vacuum on human health, and on life forms in general.

Задание 23.1 (

– выберите один вариант ответа).

Содержанию текста соответствует утверждение …

Варианты ответов:

• 1) Industry is not the only application sphere of vacuum technologies.
• 2) Evangelista Torricelli developed experimental techniques of producing vacuum using the influence of atmospheric pressure.
• 3) The quality of a vacuum is independent from the indicator of residual gas pressure.
• 4) Vacuum is measured in units called torr named after Evangelista Torricelli who produced the first laboratory vacuum.

Задание 23.2 (

– выберите один вариант ответа).

Завершитеутверждениесогласносодержаниютекста.
A great variety of vacuum technologies have become possible …

Варианты ответов:

• 1) when incandescent light bulbs and vacuum tubes began to be applied in industry
• 2) due to invention of laboratory vacuum by Evangelista Torricelli in 1643
• 3) because people wanted to use the quality of a vacuum in industry
• 4) due to the recent development of human spaceflight

Задание 23.3 (

– выберите один вариант ответа).

Ответьтенавопрос:
What are the contemporary spheres of vacuum application?

Варианты ответов:

• 1) Vacuum is widely adopted nowadays in the domain of human spaceflight.
• 2) People investigate vacuum capacities to use it more effectively in industry.
• 3) Nowadays people consider vacuum a perspective space medium.
• 4) The introduction of incandescent light bulbs and vacuum tubes influenced further research of vacuum.

Задание 23.4 (

– выберите один вариант ответа).

Основной идеей текста является …

Варианты ответов:

• 1) The capacities of vacuum enable its use for industrial as well as medical purposes.
• 2) People use vacuum due to its perfect qualities.
• 3) Vacuum affects people’s health and other life forms.
• 4) Vacuum has a wide range of applications in industry.