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PAST PERFECT
had + participle II
We use the Past Perfect to denote an action completed before a certain moment in the past.
When Sarah arrived at the party, Paul had already gone home.
He had finished his work by 5 o’clock yesterday.
The Past Perfect is not used to denote a succession of actions. In this case the Past Indefinite is used.
He got up, went to the bathroom, had breakfast and left for work.
The Past Perfect is used with the conjunctions:
He had hardly done it when they came. (Hardly had he done it when they came). No sooner they had arrived than it started to rain. (No sooner had they arrived than it started to rain) |
Read the situations and make up sentences with the words in brackets.
1 You went to Jill’s house but she wasn’t there.
(she / go / out) __________________________________________________
2 You went back to your home town after many years. It wasn’t the same as before.
(it / change / a lot) _______________________________________________
3 I invited Rachel to the party but she couldn’t come.
(she / arrange / to do something else) ________________________________
4 You went to the cinema last night. You arrived at the cinema late.
(the film / already / begin) _________________________________________
5 I was very pleased to see Tim again after such a long time.
(I / not / see / him for five years) ____________________________________
6 I offered Sue something to eat but she wasn’t hungry.
(she / just / have / breakfast) ______________________________________
7 When we arrived at work in the morning the window was broken.
(someone / break into / the office during the night)______________________
8 I tried to phone Ann this morning but there was no answer.
(Ann / already / go out)____________________________________________
For questions 1-8, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the fist sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and three words, including the word given.
1 The man sitting next to me on the plane was clutching his charm and I understood it was his first flight.
FlownThe man sitting next to me on the plane kept tugging his charm and I understood he ____________________ before.
2 The first footer was a woman and she was a complete stranger to me.
MetThe first footer was a woman which I ________________ before.
3 Although Simon was wearing a rabbit’s foot he was not very good at tennis yesterday because it was his first game.
PlayedAlthough Simon was wearing a rabbit’s foot he was not very good at tennis yesterday because he _________________________ it before.
4 The ritual shocked me as it was the first time I saw it.
SeenThe ritual shocked me as _________________________ such things before.
5 Jim came back from holiday a few days ago and I met him the same day.
JustA few days ago I met Jim who ____________ back from holiday.
6 Kevin was surprised as it was the first time when he got a reply from Sally.
NeverKevin was surprised as Sally___________________ him before.
7 John was not superstitious but it was the first time he had to walk under a ladder.
WalkedJohn was not superstitious but he _______ under a ladder before.
8 When I arrived at the party Sam wasn’t there because he left a minute ago.
JustWhen I arrived at the party Sam _________________________.
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