Сравните следующие предложения по их структуре и содержанию. Какие из высказываний более близки друг другу по смыслу.

1. Science is cumulative.
2. Science is known to be cumulative.
3. It is known that science is cumulative.

1. The earth’s crust is broken into moving plates of the lithosphere.
2. The earth’s crust is believed to be broken into moving plates of the lithosphere.
3. It is believed that the earth’s crust is broken into moving plates of the lithosphere.

1. A new oceanic crust is generated at spreading ridges.
2. A new oceanic crust is considered to be generated at spreading ridges.
3. It is considered that a new oceanic crust is generated at spreading ridges.

Ex.8.

Перефразируйте следующие высказывания, смягчив их категоричность, используя оборот «complex subject».

1. Plates are pulling apart along the submarine ridges.
2. Generally an oceanic plate subducts beneath a continental plate.
3. A trench is formed in the zone of subduction.
4. Most volcanic eruptions are produced by the plate motions.
5. The distribution of mineral deposits are controlled by plate interaction.
6. The course of evolution of life is influenced by plate motion.

Ex.9.

Выберите правильный вариант из предложенных в скобках.

1. All plates are (moved/moving) (relative/relatively) to all (other/others).
2. The velocity of (relative/relatively) motion (between/within) plates (is/are) low by human standards but it is extremely rapid by geologic (one/ones).
3. An ocean plate subducts (beneath/between) a continental plate or (others/another) oceanic plate.
4. The (cause/course) of evolution on Earth has (influenced/been influenced) by plate motion.
5. Earthquakes are (most/the most) dramatic way in which plate motions (affect/effect) man.
6. The distribution of mineral deposits and fossil fuels (has/have) been controlled by plate interaction.
7. The Earth (has/has had) contrasted areas of land and sea (although/throughout) its geologic history, (although/throughout) how (much/many) of the present water has since (differentiated/been differentiated) out by volcanic processes (is/are) debatable.

Ex.10.