Вставьте необходимые слова вместо пропусков. 1. A personal computer is a small relatively inexpensive de-

1. A personal computer is a small relatively inexpensive de-

vice designed for an individual__________ .

a) person; b) producer; c) user

2. One of the first and most popular personal computer was

______ in 1977.

a) interpreted; b) introduced; c) integrated

3. All personal computers are based on___________ technology,

its CPU being called MPU.

a) microscopy; b) microprocessor; c) microelement

4. Very soon a microcomputer was___________ from a calcula-

tor into a PC for everyone.

a) transformed; b) transferred; c) transported

5. Input in PC is usually performed by means of a____________ .

a) mouse; b) scanner; c) keyboard

6. A personal computer uses_________ disks as input and out-

put media.

a) hard; b) fixed; c) floppy

7. Personal computers have a lot of___________ , scientific, en­
gineering, educational being among them.

a) multiplication; b) application; c) investigation

Английский язык. Основы компьютерной грамотности 144

8. Personal computers have a great______ upon pupils,

educators, accountants, stock brokers and who not.

a) influence; b) information; c) environment

9. A word processing program called application______

enables you to modify any document in a manner you wish.

a) hardware; b) software; c) firmware

10._______________________ Using a display you can mistakes, words

and replace sentences.

a) delete; b) dial; c) correct

2. Найдите в предложениях неличные формы глагола и назовите их:

A. a) Gerund; b) Present Participle Active; с) Present Participle
Passive; d) Past Participle Passive; e) Perfect Participle Active;
f) Perfect Participle Passive.

1. When keyed the data are held in a small memory called buffer. 2. Data keyed into the memory of a computer by typing on a keyboard are readable by humans. 3. Keyboard enables inputting numerical and text data. 4. The mouse provides the cursor control simplifying user's orientation on the display. 5. Having been constructed recently a new electronic device has important applications in space exploration. 6. Being supplied with a special appliance a television set may have a remote con­trol. 7. The control unit operates by reading one instruction at a time. 8. Improved methods of obtaining three-dimensional television pictures have been worked on the basis of holography.

B. a) Indefinite Infinitive Active; b) Indefinite Infinitive Ibssive;
c) Continuous Infinitive Active; d) Perfect Infinitive Active;
e) Perfect Infinitive Passive.

1. Input devices are used to enter data into primary storage.

2. These data appeared to have been investigated long ago.

3. \№ are glad to have obtained such valuable results. 4. You
should have known wonderful features of computers long ago.
5. The problem to be solved is of great importance to the de­
velopment of this branch of industry. 6. The first amplifying
semiconductor devices (transistors) are known to have been
developed in the USA in 1948. 7. He ordered these devices to
be repaired as soon as possible.

145 _____________________ Unit 10. Personal Computers

3. Прочтите текст. Выберите основную мысль для каждо­го абзаца из предложенных ниже.

PERSONAL COMPUTERS

The personal computer can serve as a work station for the individual today. Moreover, as it has become financially feasi­ble to provide a computer for the individual worker, so also tech­nical developments have made the interface between man and machine increasingly "friendly", so that a wide array of com­puter functions are now accessible to people with no technical background.

A personal computer is a small computer based on a micro­processor; it is a microcomputer. Not all computers, however, are personal computers. A microcomputer can be dedicated to a single task such as controlling a machine tool or metering the injection of fuel into an automobile engine; it can be a word processor, a video game or a "pocket computer" that is not quite a computer. A personal computer is something different: a stand­alone computer that puts a wide array of capabilities at the dis­posal of an individual.

The first generation of true personal computers, which came on the market between 1977 and 1981, had eight-bit micropro­cessors; later introduced systems had 16-bits ones. Now 32-bit microprocessor chips are available, and soon they will be includ­ed in complete computer systems.

1. a) Performance of a wide array of computer functions;

b) Accessibility of PC for not professionals.

c) Friendly interface of a personal computer.

2. a) A microprocessor-based PC;

b) PC — a pocket computer;

c) Comparison of a microcomputer and a PC.

3. a) Microprocessor's capacity;

b) The growth of MPC's capacity;

c) The first generation of personal computers.

Unit 11 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

1. Ознакомьтесь с терминами текста 1.

equation [i'kwei/эп] — уравнение, приравнивание

list of instructions — перечень команд

guard ['gad] — защищать; предохранять; завершать; за­канчивать

appropriate sequence [a'propnit 'sikwans] — необходимая (требуемая) последовательность

program logic — логическая последовательность выпол­нения программы

flowchart ['floutfat] — блок-схема; составлять блок-схе­му

flowcharting — построение блок-схемы pictorial representation — наглядное представление

predefined symbols [pndi'famd 'simbslz] — заранее задан­ные символы

specifics [spa'sifiks] — специальные черты; характерные особенности

emplate [im'pleit] — шаблон; маска; образец; эталон

pseudocode ['psju:doukoud] — псевдокод; псевдопро­грамма

burden ['bsidanj — издержки ^затраты programming rules — правила программирования consume [kan'sjuim] — потреблять; расходовать emphasize ['emfasaiz] — выделять; подчеркивать top-down approach — принцип нисходящей разработки

looping logic — логическая схема выполнения (опера­ций) в цикле

147 Unit 11. Computer Programming

2. Прочтите текст и объясните, как вы понимаете термин «компьютерное программирование».