Passive Voice

(Страдательный залог)

При образовании вопросительной формы вспомогательный глагол ставиться перед подлежащим.

Was the doctor sent for? (Послали за доктором?)

Why has the doctor been sent for? (Почему послали за доктором?)

Если вспомогательных глаголов несколько (в сложных формах напр. Future Perfect Passive), то перед подлежащим ставиться первый вспомогательный глагол:

Will the letter have been written by 5 o’clock tomorrow? (Будет ли письмо написано завтра к 5 часам?)

В отрицательной форме отрицание следует за первым вспомогательным глаголом.

The letter was not written yesterday. (Письмо не было написано вчера.)

The doctor has not been sent for. (За доктором не послали.)

Exercise 6: Underline the passive constructions in the following sentences. Try to transfer the sentences into active voice:

1. The first Russian university was modeled after German system of education.
2. Each faculty is headed by a dean.
3. The academic year in the higher schools is divided into two terms.
4. At present a new system of education is introduced at the university – a distance education system
5. The area of professional education is covered by special training course in conventional and digital prepress.
6. The University development is achieved with the help of some foreign equipment producers.
7. The researches are oriented on the development of the publishing market problems.
8. The best flat contest is held at the university’s hostels twice a year.

Exercise 7: Translate into English:

Мой друг – студент. Он очень занят. Его рабочий день начинается рано утром.

Он встает в шесть утра, делает зарядку, умывается, одевается и завтракает. После завтрака он едет в университет. Ему требуется час, чтобы добраться до университета. Сначала он едет на трамвае, потом на метро и затем на автобусе.

Обычно у него четыре пары в день. Мой друг хорошо говорит по-английски и ещё изучает немецкий. Он хороший студент.

Exercise 8: Put the words in the correct order to make the questions and answer them:

1. people how learn do new words?
2. Ivan Fedorov was who?
3. will you what subjects at the study university?
4. the is who rector the university of?
5. was your subject favourite what at school?
6. degree programmes of full-time the Bachelor's last university study do for 4 years?
7. named Moscow State University of Printing Arts when was Ivan Fedorov after?
8. faculty what do study you at?
9. graduates from school a secondary do for entrance to a higher institution education apply?
10. do postgraduate you higher know education what about?

Exercise 9: Read the dialogue and try to act it out:

Group Leader: -Hello! My name is Tom Smith. I’m glad to welcome you at our university. You have got the information about the time table and library facilities and I’m going to tell you about all kinds of different clubs and societies you can join here. The first and the most popular are sports clubs and teams. You can join our football team, play tennis, volley-ball, or even go to the swimming pool.

Student 1:- Is everybody accepted or is it necessary to be at a certain level? Do I need to be very good at sport to join the club?

Group Leader: -You don’t need to be a great athlete to have fun, do you? If you have never been familiar with sport, it’s a good chance to try. We welcome everyone. We also have some theatrical and musical clubs. And if you enjoy dancing, there are also several clubs.

Student 2: -Is there a computer game club or computer centre?

Group Leader: -Oh, yes. There is a computer centre in the central building of the university. And you can play computer games there or use the computers for study. But when you play, please, don’t forget to put on the headphones, because some students may be studying there at the moment.

Student 3: -How can I find that computer centre?

Group Leader: -It’s easy. It’s on the ground floor just next to the library. By the way, our Literature Society has their meetings in that library, and it could be of some interest for you. So, have you got any questions?

Exercise 10: Make the dialogues or discuss in groups the following topics:

a) The system of higher education in Russia.

b) The history of Moscow State University of Printing Arts named after Ivan Fedorov.

c) The structure of academic year.

d) Different types of getting higher education.

e) Higher education in different countries.

Recommendations: watch the film “Educating Rita”.

It is a 1983 film, based upon Willy Russell’s play of the same title directed by Lewis Gilbert and stars Julie Walters, Michael Caine, and Maureen Lipman.

Texts for additional reading to the topic: