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THE COMPLEX SUBJECT(The Nominative-with-the-Infinitive)
The Complex Subject consists of a noun/pronoun (in the nominative case) and the Infinitive. It is considered to be the subject of the sentence, its Russian equivalent is in most cases a subordinate clause. Laseris known to be used in medicine. Известно, что лазер широко используется в медицине. The Complex Subject is used with:
NOTES: 1. The Infinitive in the Complex Subject is used in all its forms and expresses: a) a simultaneous action He is said to live in London. Говорят, что он живет в Лондоне. b) an action in progress The water seems to be boiling. Кажется, вода кипит. c) an action prior to the action expressed by the finite verb They are reported to have finished the construction. Сообщают, что они уже закончили строительство. 2. The Infinitive in sentences with the Complex Subject cannot refer to the future except with the verbs and word-groups: to expect, to be sure/certain, to be likely. We are sure to come to the heart of the matter. Мы обязательно доберемся до сути дела. He is expected to give us an answer tomorrow. Ожидают, что он даст нам ответ завтра. 3. If the verbs to prove, to seem/to appear (выглядеть, производить впечатление) are followed by adjectives or nouns, the verb to be after them can be omitted. She proved (to be) very clever. Она казалась очень умной. Не seems ill. Он выглядит больным. Не appears an experienced teacher. Он производит впечатление опытного преподавателя.
COMPARE: Не seems ill. Не seems to be ill. Он выглядит больным. Он, кажется, болен. 4. After the verbs in the Passive Voice the Complex Subject is more characteristic of a literary than a colloquial style, except with the verbs to suppose, to expect, to make.
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