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Explicitation




Once a hidden quotation is located, what must the translator do? As usual, there are no rules, only possible alternatives. One strategy is the more didactic, and tends to inform the reader about what is happening with a footnote. The text of the translation contains the translation of the quotation without graphic delimiters as in the original, and a footnote informs the reader that it is an implicit quotation taken from a given text that has probably the aim to indicate a given interpretation to the reader. Such a strategy is used in particular when the translator thinks that the fame of the quotation in the source culture is greater than in the receiving culture.

Another strategy ignores the reader's problems and, once the translation of the implicit quotation is inserted, the translator does not inform the metatext's reader in any way: only the most alert of readers can grasp the quotation and locate it. Such a strategy is used in particular when the translator thinks that the fame of the quotation in the source culture is very similar to the one in the receiving culture, and, therefore, the readers of the metatext don't need particular aids to identify it.

A third strategy consists in breaching the norm 2384 on translations and modifying the translated text without telling the reader. The quotation is reported, but in the metatext the translator inserts as a gloss one or more of the following elements:

  • graphic delimiters (for example quotes) to let the reader understand beginning and end of the quotation;
  • introductory remarks as "as John Williams said in his work Book of Wisdom, ..." »
  • bibliographic notes in which it is specified from which book or edition the quotation is taken, without specifying that it is a translator's note, pretending it is an author's note.

Should quotations be translated?

The answer is: not always. In some cases a quotation, because the author wants it, is reported in the original language of the quotation (different from the one in which the author writes). In such cases the translator had better maintain it in that language.

Another possible translation problem for quotations concerns the deformation of the text due to translation. If, for example, a quotation is made because it deals with a given subject using given terms, and in translation such terms disappear or are no longer recognizable, it is necessary to report the quotation in the original (where the terms are present). The translator, in such cases, evaluates each case individually, and in agreement with the customer decides if the quotations should be complemented with a translator's note containing the text of the translate quotation.


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