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Biomass energy
| store – хранить transfer – передавать combustion – сгорание to release – выпускать vegetation – растения residues – остатки, отбросы aquatic – морской due to – благодаря to utilize – использовать renewable – возобновляемый to account for – составлять plentiful – обильный, в избытке charcoal, coal – уголь | prior to – раньше, до того как narrow definition – узкое определение exclude – исключать otherwise – в противном случае dependence on – зависимость от feedstocks – сырьё для промышленности algae – водоросли soybeans – соевые бобы stalk – стебель husks – шелуха straw – солома long-term – долгосрочный lumber mill scrap – отходы лесопилки |
The term "biomass" refers to organic matter that has stored energy through the process of photosynthesis. It exists in one form as plants and may be transferred through the food chain to animals' bodies and their wastes, which can be converted for everyday human use through processes such as combustion.
Many of the biomass fuels used today come in the form of wood products, dried vegetation, crop residues, and aquatic plants.
Biomass has become one of the most commonly used renewable sources of energy in the last two decades. It is such a widely utilized source of energy, probably due to its low cost, that it accounts for almost 15% of the world's total energy supply and as much as 35% in developing countries, mostly for cooking and heating.
Biomass is one of the most plentiful sources of renewable energy in the world. Broadly speaking, it is organic material produced by the photosynthesis of light. The most common biomass used for energy is wood from trees. Wood has been used by humans for producing energy for heating and cooking for a very long time.
Wood is still the largest biomass energy resource today, but other sources of biomass can also be used. These include food crops, grassy and woody plants, residues from agriculture or forestry, oil-rich algae, and the organic component of municipal and industrial wastes. Even the fumes from landfills (which are methane, a natural gas) can be used as a biomass energy source.
Biomass can be used for fuels, power production, and products that would otherwise be made from fossil fuels. Biomass can provide some benefits.
For example:
● The use of biomass energy can greatly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Burning biomass releases about the same amount of carbon dioxide as burning fossil fuels. However, fossil fuels release carbon dioxide captured by photosynthesis millions of years ago, while biomass releases carbon dioxide that is largely balanced by the carbon dioxide captured in its own growth.
● The use of biomass can reduce dependence on foreign oil.
● Biomass energy supports U.S. agricultural and forest-product industries. The main biomass feedstocks for power are paper mill residue, lumber mill scrap, and municipal waste. For biomass fuels, the most common feedstocks used today are corn grain (for ethanol) and soybeans (for biodiesel). In the near future agricultural residues, such as corn stalks, leaves, and husks and wheat straw, will also be used. Long-term plans include growing and using energy crops, such as fast-growing trees and grasses, and algae.
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