КАТЕГОРИИ:
АстрономияБиологияГеографияДругие языкиДругоеИнформатикаИсторияКультураЛитератураЛогикаМатематикаМедицинаМеханикаОбразованиеОхрана трудаПедагогикаПолитикаПравоПсихологияРиторикаСоциологияСпортСтроительствоТехнологияФизикаФилософияФинансыХимияЧерчениеЭкологияЭкономикаЭлектроника
Final Hints
– Break long sentences into shorter ones, and combine short sentences for variety.
– Move the position of phrases for clearer sentences.
– Use a thesaurus for synonyms, but be careful of subtle changes in the meaning of words. For example, to express does not necessarily have the same meaning as to vent.
– Make sure your paraphrase considers the complete meaning of the original quotation.
– Be sure to cite original ideas that are not your own.
(For more information go to http://leo.stcloudstate.edu/research/usingpara.html)
Task 19. Paraphrase and summarize the following extracts
| 1. Original Source Material: Scientific research offers many satisfactions besides the exhilaration of discovery. Researchers seek to answer some of the most fundamental questions that humans can ask about nature. Their work can have a direct and immediate impact on the lives of people throughout the world. They are members of a community characterized by curiosity, cooperation, and intellectual rigor. | Source:On Being a Scientist, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, 1989. On Being a Scientist: Third Editionhttp://www.nap.edu/catalog/12192.html |
| 2. Original Source Material: However, the rewards of science are not easily achieved. At the frontiers of research, new knowledge is elusive and hard won. Researchers often are subject to great personal and professional pressures. They must make difficult decisions about how to design investigations, how to present their results, and how to interact with colleagues. Failure to make the right decisions can waste time and resources, slow the advancement of knowledge, and even undermine professional and personal trust. | Source:On Being a Scientist, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, 1989. On Being a Scientist: Third Editionhttp://www.nap.edu/catalog/12192.html |
| 3. Original Source Material: Over many centuries, researchers have developed professional standards designed to enhance the progress of science and to avoid or minimize the difficulties of research. Though these standards are rarely expressed in formal codes, they nevertheless establish widely accepted ways of doing research and interacting with others. Researchers expect that their colleagues will adhere to and promote these standards. Those who violate these standards will lose the respect of their peers and may even destroy their careers. | Source:On Being a Scientist, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, 1989. On Being a Scientist: Third Editionhttp://www.nap.edu/catalog/12192.html |
PART 3
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