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Task 1. Learn the following words and word combinations.
| various microbial agents | ['vɛərɪəs][maɪ'krəubɪəl] 'eɪʤ(ə)nts] | различные |
| liquid droplets | ['lɪkwɪd]['drɔpləts] | жидкие капельки |
| common cold | ['kɔmən][kəuld] | обычная простуда |
| vaccine must be readministered | ['væksi:n][mʌst][bi:] [ֽrɪəd'mɪnɪstəd] | вакцинадолжнаназначатьсянеоднократно |
| meninges | [mə'ninʤəz] | мягкиемозговыеоболочки |
| meningitis | [ֽmenɪn'ʤaɪtɪs] | менингит |
| complication | [ֽkɔmplɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n] | осложнение |
| to cough and sneeze | [kɔf][sni:z] | кашлятьичихать |
| invasion | [ɪn'veɪʒ(ə)n] | проникновение |
| measles | ['mi:zlz] | корь |
| predispose | [ֽpri:dɪ'spəuz] | предрасполагать |
| to be resistant | [bi:][rɪ'zɪst(ə)nt] | бытьустойчивым |
| scarlet fever | ['skɑːlət]['fi:və] | скарлатина |
| rubella | [ru:'belə] | краснуха |
| to be isolated | [bi:]['aɪsəleɪtɪd] | бытьвыделенным (хим.) |
| fetus | ['fi:təs] | плод (гинеколог.) |
Task2.Find the following words and word- combinations in the text, reproduce the context they are used in and translate it into Russian:
1. infectious diseases,
2. cause dangerous complications,
3. may be accompanied by,
4. the best way to avoid flu or cold
5. bacterial infection of the ear,
6. anti-viral medication
7. people of risk groups
8. inflammation of the meninges,
9. caused by streptococcal bacteria,
10. antibiotics are administered promptly
11. an artificial immunity
Task3.Answer the questions:
1. What is understood as an infectious disease in medicine?
2. What agents can an infection be caused by?
3. What types of influenza can you name?
4. What complications can flu cause?
5. What is the best way to avoid getting cold or flu?
6. What germs cause meningitis?
7. Why scarlet fever was a very dangerous disease before the advent of antibiotics?
8. When was the rubella virus first isolated?
9. When did the rubella vaccine become available?
10. What methods help to prevent the spread of infectious diseases?
Task4.Match the English sentences to their Russian equivalents:
| 1. An infection is the invasion and replication in the body by any of various microbial agents. | a. Грипп вызывает вирус гриппа и он подразделяется на три типа: A,B,C. |
| 2. The real significance of bacteria comes in the fact that we are living in a world filled with them. | b. Известно, что искусственный иммунитет вырабатывается в результате профилактической вакцинации, которая в нашей стране проводится против многих инфекционных заболеваний. |
| 3. Influenza viruses cause the flu and are divided into three types, designated A, B, and C. | c. Холодная погода не вызывает простуду, ее причиной являются инфицированные люди. |
| 4. An artificial immunity is known to result from prophylactic vaccination, which is carried out against a number of infectious diseases in our country. | d. Истинное значение бактерий вытекает из того факта, что мы живем в мире, наполненном бактериями. |
| 5. Cold weather does not ‘’cause’’ colds, infected people cause colds. | e. Инфекция- это внедрение и размножение в организме каких-либо микробов. |
| 6. Viral and bacterial meningitis enter the body through the upper respiratory tract. | f. Вирус краснухи впервые был выделен в 1962г, а вакцина была создана в 1969. |
| 7. We can often meet scarlet fever with children and only sometimes in grown-ups. | g. Вирусный и бактериальный менингит проникает через верхние дыхательные пути. |
| 8. Scarlet fever is an acute infectious disease caused by streptococcal bacteria. | h. Инфекционное заболевание – это процесс, вызываемый микроорганизмом, который повреждает здоровье людей. |
| 9. The rubella virus was first isolated in 1962, and a vaccine was made available in 1969. | i. Скарлатина- это острое инфекционное заболевание, которое вызывает стрептококковая бактерия. |
| 10. Infectious disease is a process caused by a microorganism that impairs a person’s health. | j. Скарлатина часто встречается у детей и очень редко у взрослых. |
Task5.Translate he given sentences into Russian, close your book and translate them back into English:
1. Respiratoryinfections stand as the third death cause.
2. Tuberculosis is still a life-threatening infectious disease in the world.
3. Flu-related complications can occur at any age. However, the elderly and people with chronic health problems are much more likely to develop serious complications.
4. Cold is characterized by a ‘’running nose”, coughing, and sneezing and may be accompanied by laryngitis or bronchitis.
5. The best way to avoid getting flu or cold is to keep your immune system strong eating a healthy diet and taking regular exercise.
6. Inflammation of the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord is known as meningitis.
7. Scarlet fever can affect people of all ages, but it is most often seen in children.
8. Children with scarlet fever used to be immediately isolated and quarantined.
9. Rubella (German measles) is a viral disease with a mild and benign activity in most people.
10. Symptoms of both viral and bacterial meningitis are the same: muscle pain,fever, stiff neck, nausea and a headache.
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