ENGLISH IN BUSINESS

1. International trade is often a complex cross-boarder business: goods are taken from one country, refined or given added value by a second, sold to a third, repackaged, resold and so on. Such multilateral trade brings with it greater reliance on lingua francas.

2. In Europe there is growing evidence that English has become the major business lingua franca. A study conducted in 1988 for the Danish Council of Trade and Industry reported that English is used by Danish companies in over 80% of international business contacts and communications. A more recent investigation in small and medium-sized businesses in peripheral areas of Europe found that although English is probably the most used language of business across Europe, German is used extensively in particular areas, especially for informal communication: “German is, understandably, in more widespread use than English in European regions bordering on Germany, thereby undermining a common misperception of English as the sole lingua franca of international business. This is apparent in the Dutch and Danish samples, where German is ahead of English in the use of oral-aural skills, though this order is reversed for reading and writing.”

3. However, the use of German and French is almost exclusively confined to trade within Europe: German companies generally use English for trade outside the European Union. This is apparent from recommendations made by German Chambers of Commerce to members on which languages should be used for trade with each country in the world. English is recommended as the sole language for 64 countries. German is recommended as the exclusive language of trade only with one country – Austria – though German is suggested as a co-language for up to 25 countries, including Holland, Denmark and those in Eastern Europe. French is recommended for 25 countries and Spanish – for 17. English is thus the preferred, but not the sole, language of external trade for European countries. Japan and the US also use English widely for their international trade.

VIII. Read the article again and say what these numbers refer to in the text.

Say why English is a world language. Use the following questions:

1) When did the English language begin to serve as the international language?

2) What contributed to the development of English as a world language?

3) Why did people begin to speak English more widely after World War II?

4) Do you personally feel that you need English? What are your reasons?

5) What language do you think might be used as a lingua franca if not English?