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WORD BUILDING. 7. Translate the following derivative words:
7. Translate the following derivative words:
verb + -tion/ion/ation → noun
to educate – education, to adopt – adoption, to organize – organization, to produce – production, to transform – transformation, to apply – application, to vary – variation
noun + -al → adjective
industry – industrial, person – personal, tradition – traditional, practice – practical, profession – professional, continent – continental, tropic – tropical
verb + -ment → noun
to develop – development, to achieve – achievement, to move – movement
8. Form nouns using suffixes –ment, - tion, -ion, -ation:
to found, to settle, to detach, to separate, to govern, to introduce, to elect, to agree, to relate, to oppose, to recommend, to appoint, to communicate, to entertain, to populate, to institute, to organize, to corporate
9. Define to what parts of speech the following words belong and translate them:
builder; explorer; equipment; employment; hydraulic; assistant; electrical; useful; useless; building; inventor; invitation; connection; darkness; leadership; difference; improvement; famous; modernize; shorten; useful; dangerous; brotherhood
ACTIVE VOCABULARY
10. Read and memorize the following words and word combinations:
| agreement — соглашение to appoint — назначать approval —одобрение armed forces – вооруженные силы association – объединение to be constituted on different principles — быть составленным на различных принципах to consist of – состоять из convention — соглашение, договор to debate the major issues — обсуждать главные проблемы to constitute — основывать; составлять to define – определять to dismiss — освобождать от обязанностей, обязательств | duration — продолжительность to elect – выбирать to establish — основывать executive power – исполнительная власть existence — существование government — правительство independence — независимость legislative power – законодательная власть to occupy — занимать to represent – представлять to scrutinize government policy — тщательно исследовать политику правительства significance – значимость, значение to support — поддерживать |
11. Read and translate the text below focusing on the discovery of the USA:
Text 4 A
The United States of America
The story of the American people is a story of immigration and diversity. The first Europeans to reach North America were Icelandic Vikings, about the year 1000. Traces of their visit have been found in the Canadian province of Newfoundland, but the Vikings failed to establish a permanent settlement and soon lost contact with the new continent. Five centuries later, the demand for Asian spices, textiles, and dyes spurred European navigators to dream of shorter routes between East and West. Acting on behalf of the Spanish crown, in 1492 the Italian navigator Christopher Columbus sailed west from Europe and landed on one of the Bahama Islands in the Caribbean Sea. Within 40 years, Spanish adventurers carved out a huge empire in Central and South America.
The USA came into existence on July 4th, 1776, when thirteen English colonies decided that they could no longer regard themselves as subjects to the British Crown. In 1783 the War of Independence ended in favour of the colonists. Since that time the United States has welcomed more immigrants than any other country — more than 50 million in all — and still admits almost 700,000 persons a year. In the past many American writers emphasized the idea of the melting pot, an image that suggested newcomers would discard their old customs and adopt American ways. Typically, for example, the children of immigrants learned English but not their parents’ first language.
The United States is the fourth-largest country in the world, with an area of over 9 million square kilometers. It is bordered on the north by Canada and on the south by Mexico. Alaska and the Hawaiian Islands are both states of the Union, but because of their geographical detachment from the United States, they are described under separate headings. Different parts of the USA experience extremes of heat and cold characteristic of hot tropical deserts or cold Arctic continental regions. Another feature of the weather and climate of the United States is the variation of weather over quite short periods at all seasons of the year.
The USA is a federal republic. The President, elected for 4 years, is head of the state and government. The legislative power belongs to the Congress which consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate. Elections to the Congress are every two years, when the whole House of Representatives and 1/3 of the total number of senators are replaced. There are two major political parties in the US, the Democratic and the Republican.
The USA is a highly developed industrial country. There are coal-mines in the Cordillera Mountains, in the Kansas City region. The heavy industry is in the region of the Great Lakes, around Detroit and Chicago. Ship-building is developed along the Atlantic coast and in San Francisco on the Pacific coast. Agriculture of the USA is wide-spread and highly mechanized.
The capital of the USA is Washington. The other big and important cities are New York, Boston, Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles etc.
TEXT AND VOCABULARY EXERCISES
12. Find in the text the English equivalents to the following words:
| иммиграция | разнообразие | поселение | законодательный |
| спрос | специи | мечтать | исполнительный |
| существование | решать | рассматривать | вокруг |
| пустыня | выборы | высокоразвитый | столица |
| состоять из... | погода | субъект | каждый |
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