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Reported speech (Косвенная речь)
Косвенная речь используется для передачи чужого высказывания.
Правила преобразования прямой речи в косвенную:
| Прямая речь | Косвенная речь |
| Present Simple “I want to publish a new book”, said the author. | Past Simple The author said that he wanted to publish a new book. |
| Present Continuous “We are playing chess”, they said. | Past Continuous They said they were playing chess. |
| Present Perfect Continuous “I have been typing all day”, said the receptionist. | Past Perfect Continuous The receptionist said she had been typing all day. |
| Past Simple “Jim repaired my computer yesterday”, Ann said. | Past Perfect Ann said that Jim had repaired her computer. |
| Past Continuous “I was writing an essay”, said the student. | Past Perfect Continuous The student said he had been writing an essay. |
| Future “I will do it for you”, my friend said. | Future-in-the-Past My friend said that she would do that for me. |
| am/is /are going to “They are going to print by gravure printing”, said the manager. | was/were going to The manager said they were going to print by gravure printing. |
| can “I can do this quickly”, the worker said. | could The worker said he could do that quickly. |
| must/have to “You have to visit the party tomorrow”, she said. | had to She said we had to visit the party the next day. |
| may “I may receive the letter next week”, said the lawyer. | might The lawyer said he might receive the letter the following week. |
В косвенной речи обычно требуется замена ряда слов.
Местоимения:
| I | he/she |
| you | I/me/they/them |
| we | they |
| us | them |
| my | his/her |
| your | my/their |
Обстоятельства времени и места:
| here | there |
| now | then/at that moment |
| tomorrow | the next day |
| tonight | that night |
| next week | the following week |
| yesterday | the day before |
| last week | the week before |
| ago | before |
Согласование времен производится только в том случае, если вводная фраза содержит глагол в прошедшем времени (past simple).
Глаголы в Past Perfectи Past Perfect Continuousостаются без изменений
“I had seen the picture before” > He said he had seen the picture before.
Модальные глаголы (would, should, could, might) также остаются без изменений.
“I might take up painting” > She said she mighttake up painting.
Косвенная речь может вводиться следующими глаголами:
(to apologize, to deny, to promise, to refuse, to suggest)
I apologized for losing the letter.
He denied missing the lecture.
He promised to help me prepare for the exam.
My sister refused to let me see her wedding dress.
My boss suggestedgoing out for lunch.
Практические задания:
- Выберите правильный вариант:
- ‘We’re watching TV’, said the twins. > The twins said they (watched/were watching/had watched) TV.
- ‘At one o’clock I was having lunch”, said the boss. > The boss said he (had been having/has had/is having) lunch at one o’clock.
- ‘You must give me your essays’, the teacher said. > The teacher said we (were having to/had to/would have to) give her our essays.
- Заполните пропуски словами из рамки:
| Before, that night, the day before, the next day, they, he, she, their |
- ‘I’m seeing the director tomorrow’, the partner said.
The partner said…. was seeing the director ……… .
- ‘We moved to this office two years ago’, the receptionist said.
The receptionist said ……… had moved to that office two years ……….. .
- ‘I’ll go to the party tonight’, said the girl.
The girl said ……… would go to the party ……… .
- ‘We saw our cousin at the exhibition yesterday’, said Ben.
Ben said they had seen ……….. cousin at the exhibition …………….. .
- Преобразуйте прямую речь в косвенную:
- He said, ‘I’m sure she will ring me up when she is back’.
- She said, ‘I have just received the letter from London’.
- The student said, ‘I shall do it today if I have time’.
- Ann said, ‘I saw him at the conference last year’.
- The teacher said, ‘I can explain this rule to you’.
- Перепишите предложения в косвенной речи, используя выделенные слова:
- ‘I’m sorry I told everyone your secret,’ my sister said. (apologized)
- ‘I didn’t give the money to him,’ said the clerk. (denied)
- ‘I won’t open the door!’ said the policeman. (refused)
- ‘Why don’t we give them a call?’ Albert said. (suggested)
- ‘I’ll love you forever!’ Francis said to Elizabeth. (promised)
- Переведите на английский язык, используя правила согласования времен:
- Все были уверены, что я хорошо сдам экзамены.
- Он сказал, что бросит курить.
- Мы не думали, что вы ждёте нас.
- Он спросил меня, что я буду делать сегодня вечером.
- Я сказала, что если буду свободна, то позвоню ему часов в восемь.
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