C./ translate the following sentences; mind the ways of rendering the geographical names.

1. The Rocky Mountains (the Rockies) are considered young mountains: of the same age as the Alps in Europe, the Himalayas in Asia, and the Andes in South America. 2. There are 48 areas in the Rocky Mountains set aside by state and federal governments for na­tional parks. Among the world-wide known are Yellowstone National Park, Rocky Mountain National Park, Mesa Verde National Park, and, of course, Grand Canyon National Park. In the Sierra Nevada Moun­tains area best-known is the Yosemite National Park. 3. The Appala­chians are old mountains with many coal-rich valleys among them. 4. The Cascade Mountains and the Sierra Nevada Mountains catch the largest share of rain off the Pacific Ocean. 5. At the border of the Pacific Ocean lie the Coast Ranges, relatively low mountains. 6. The Grand Canyon cut by the Colorado River in the high Colorado Pla­teau, is 1.6 kilometers in depth. 7. North of the Central Lowland are the five Great Lakes and West of the Central Lowland are the Great Plains. 8. The Mississippi is one of the world's great continental riv­ers, like the Amazon in South America, the Congo in Africa, or the Ganges, Amur, and Yangtze in Asia. 9. The winding Mississippi River and its various branches drain a great basin extending from the Appa­lachians to the Rockies about one-third the land of the United States. 10. Curving through the heart of the whole western half of the Central Basin is the Missouri River, chief western branch of the Mississippi, once the most destructive river in the United States. 11. The Missouri rises high among the snows of the Rocky Mountains. 12. Like the Mississippi all rivers - east of the Rockies finally arrive at the Atlantic. For this reason the crests of the Rocky Mountains are known as the Continental Divide. 13. The Rio Grande is the foremost river of the Southwest between Mexico and the United States. 14. The skyscrap­ers of New York, the steel mills of Pittsburg and the automobile as­sembly lines of Detroit which are symbols of industrial America form the «melting pot» of the country. 15. Detroit, heart of automobile in­dustry, began as a waggon-making town, using wood from the forests that covered the peninsula between Lake Michigan and Lake Huron. 16. The cargo tonnage which passes between Lake Superior and Lake Huron about equals the combined capacity of the Panama and Suez Canals. 17. From the eastern end of Lake Erie all the way across New York State flows the Hudson River which falls to New York harbour. 18. Great Salt Lake to the north of Salt Lake City in the State of Utah, contains an estimated six thousand millions of tons of soda.

Exercise 5. Suggest all possible ways of approach to trans­lating into Ukrainian/ English the following titles of newspapers, maga­zines (journals):

a./ Contemporary Review (literary-political monthly, Lnd.). 2. Contemporary Life (British farmer's weekly). 3. Daily Express, Daily Mail, The Daily Telegraph (and Morning Post), The Economist (all of conservative orientation). 4. Daily Mirror, Daily Sketch. 5. The Evening News, The Star, Evening Standard (Conservative dailies, Lnd.)., Scots­man (Edingb.), Yorkshire Post, Financial Times (Conservative), The Times (Lnd.). 6. Punch (satirical and humorous weekly), 8. The Guard­ian International. 9. Ottawa Citizen (Canada). 10. Australia News. 11. USA Today. 12. Kyiv Post (Ukraine).

b./ «Народна газета», «Українське слово», «Слово Просвіти», «Освіта» «ГолосУкраїни», «Урядовий Кур'єр», «Київська правда», «Літературна Україна», «Комерсант», «Молодь України», «Демократична Україна», «Сільські вісті», «Народна армія», «Київські Відомості», «Шевченків край» (Звенигородська райгаз.), журнали: «Дзвін», «Березіль», «Україна», «Вітчизна», «Дніпро», «Київ», «Всесвіт», «Слобожанщина» (письм. журнал, Харків), «Холодний Яр» (письм. журнал, Черкаси), «Сучасність» (літ.-політ. журнал), «Мовоз­навство», «Іноземні мови», «Слово і час», «Іноземна філолоґія» (Львівський університет), «Теорія і практика перекладу» (КНУ-т ім.Т.Шевченка).

Exercise 6. Translate the following sentences contain­ing the titles of American news media into Ukrainian:

1. American newspapers get much of their news from two news agencies - AP (Associated Press ) and UPI (United Press Interna­tional). 2. The record for a Sunday paper in the United States is held by The New York Times. One issue on a Sunday in 1965 contained 946 pages, weighed 36 pounds, and cost 50 cents. 3. In 1986 a total of 9,144 newspapers (daily, Sunday, weekly, etc.) appeared in 6.516 towns in the United states. 4. Most of the daily newspapers are pub­lished, rain or shine, on Christmas, Thanksgiving, or the Fourth of July (Independence Day). 5. Among the twenty newspapers with the largest circulation only two or three regularly feature crime, sex, and scandal. 6. The paper with the largest circulation, The Wall Street Journal, is a very serious newspaper indeed. 7. The Wall Street Jour­nal can be found throughout the country. Yet, one wouldn't expect The Milwaukee Journal to be read in Boston, or The Boston Globe in Hous­ton. 8. Three of the better- known American newspapers The New York Times, The Washington Post and the Los Angeles Times not only collect but also sell news, news features, and photographs to hundreds of other papers in the U.S.and abroad. 9. In one famous example, an expose of the CIA in The New York Times, also appeared in 400 other American newspapers and was picked up or used in some way by hundreds more overseas. 10. «Picked up» is not quite right. Such stories are copyrighted and other newspapers must pay for their use. 11. Some American papers are of international excel­lence, namely: The Christian Science Monitor, The (Baltimore) Sun, the St. Louis Dispatch, The Milwaukee Journal. 12. In a large interna­tional survey of newspaper editors, The New York Times was ranked by most as world's top daily. 13. Among the largest daily U.S.newspapers (1986) also are: (New York) Daily News, USA Today, The Washington Post, The Chicago Tribune, The New York Post, The Detroit News, The Detroit Free Press, The Chicago Sun Times, (The Long Island) Newsday, The San Francisco Chronicle, The Boston Globe. 14. There are more than 4,000 monthly, and over 1,300 weekly magazines in the USA.15. Quite a few of them have international edi­tions, are translated into other languages or have «daughter editions» as National Geographic, Reader's Digest, Cosmopolitan, Vogue, Time, Newsweek, Scientific American, and Psychology Today. 16. Some American periodicals treat serious educational, political, and cultural topics at length. The best-known of these include The Atlantic Monthly, Harvard Educational Review, Saturday Review, Consumer Reports, The New Republic, National Review, Foreign Affairs, Smithsonian (pub­lished by the Smithonian Institution in Washington, D.C.), and, of course, Family Circle, Woman's Day, or National Enquirer.