Standing committee (n) - a permanent congressional committee that specializes in a particular legislative area.

theft (n) - see Ch. V.2ofc<xx5 «&d

,tiy?v^"S&Ch.IV. tribunal (n) - a court dealing with professional standards, disputes

between individuals and government departments (e.g. over taxation). violence (n) - 1. unjust or unwarranted exercise of force, usually

accompanied with outrage or fury. 2. force unlawfully exercised against the laws and against public

liberty.

violent (adj) death - death caused by violent, external means, as

distinguished from natural death.

violation (n) - the act of breaching of right, duty or law. veto (n) -the president's disapproval of a bill that has been passed by

both houses of Congress.

- veto (v).

will (n) - a written legal declaration of the manner in which sb. would have his/her property disposed of after his/her death.

- to make a ~

witness (v) - to testify, to act as legal witness.

~ box (Br.); ~ stand (US) - an enclosure in which a witness testifies in court.

witness (n) - a person who testifies to what he has seen, heard or otherwise observed; a person whose declaration or affirmation under oath is received as evidence for any purpose.

Chapter II

Great Britain

Unit I. The System of Government.........................................................43

Unit II. Parliament..................................................................................45

Unit III. A Member of Parliament..........................................................51

Unit IV. Elections...................................................................................54

Unit V. The Royal Family.............................................................„........59

Revision..................................................................................................65

Just for Fun.............................................................................................68

Unit! THE SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT

TASK L Before reading the text, tell the class what you remember about the system of government in Great Britain.

TASK 2 Read the text.

In theory, the constitution has three branches: Parliament, which makes laws, the government, which "executes" laws, i.e. puts them into effect, and the law courts, which interpret laws. Although the Queen is officially head of all three branches, she has little direct power.

Parliament has two parts: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Members of the House of Commons are elected by the voters of 650 constituencies. They are known as MPs, or Members of Parliament. The Prime Minister, or leader of the Government, is also an MP, usually the leader of the political party with a majority in the House of Commons.

The Prime Minister is advised by a Cabinet of about twenty other ministers. The Cabinet includes the ministers in charge of major government departments or ministries. Departments and ministries are run by civil servants, who are permanent officials. Even if the Government changes after an election, the same civil servants are employed.

The House of Lords consists of the Lords Temporal and the Lords Spiritual. The Lords Spiritual are the Archbishops of York and Canterbury, together with twenty-four senior bishops of the Church of England. The Lords Temporal consist of hereditary peers who have inherited their titles; life peers who are appointed by the Queen on the advice of the Government for various services to the nation^ and the Lords of Appeal (Law Lords) who become life peers on their judicial appointments. The latter serve the House of Lords as the ultimate court of appeal. This appeal court consists of some nine Law Lords who hold senior judicial office. They are presided over by the Lord Chancellor and they form a quorum of three to five when they hear appeal cases.

TASK 3. Analyze the chart Give Russian equivalents for the words in bold type. The System of Government