The House of Commons

Cabinet;*benches; &.

backbenchers;," Budget; \ ^

Prime Minister; "r Speaker ; 6

ministers^; t^!- front bench

debates; -C^C Opposition;

Foreign Secretary; О Shadow Cabinet;

Home Secretary; ^Leader of the Opposition;

Chancellor of the Exchequer.

ЧлД,

This is the House of Commons, where Members of Parliament take their

i -.!

seats on the green leather (a)^ Г/ ^1 ь according to their party and position. One of them is chusen to be the (b) } _ , who acts as a kind of

Т, cliairman of the

which take place in the House. In front of him

•_.._;. The one who deals with financial matters and prepares the

j_______speech on the economic state of the country is called

£,.-..* Opposite this group sits the (n)________ (the

on his right sit the MPs of the biggest party, which forms the government, and

facing them sit the MPs of the parties who oppose them, the (d) ^ ______.

The leaders of these two groups sit at the front on each side. MPs without special positions in their parties sit behind their leaders at th,e back. They are called (e).l ^ . •'. *"* <, The leader of the government, the (f)_^_li_i____, sits

on the government (g)J_______, 'of course, next to his or her

(h)________. The most important of these form the (i) Л ^M> *____. The

minister responsible for relations with other countries is called the (j) '< '*0n".v.f лЗДэе one responsible for law and security is called the (k)___ nual (Г the (m)i#

main person in the largest party opposing the government) and the (о), ч > * , each member of which specializes in a particular area of government. ' * ''

TASK 2. Read the text.

Making New Laws: Bills and Acts

The functions of Parliament are: making laws; providing money for the government through taxation; examining government policy, administration and spending; debating political questions.

Every year Parliament passes about a hundred laws directly, by making Acts of Parliament. Because this can be a long process, Parliament sometimes passes a very general law and leaves a minister to fill in the details. In this way, it indirectly passes about 2,000 additional rules and regulations.

No new law can be passed unless it has completed a number of stages in the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The monarch also has to give a Bill the Royal Assent, which is now just a formality. Since 1707 no sovereign has refused a Bill. Whilst a law is still going through Parliament it is called a Bill. There are two main types of Bills - Public Bills which deal with matters of public importance and Private Bills which deal with local matters and individuals.

Public and Private Bills are passed through Parliament in much the same way. When a Bill is introduced in the House of Commons, it receives a formal first reading. It is then printed and read a second time, when it is debated but not

amended. After the second reading the Bill is referred to a committee, either a special committee made up of certain members of the House, or to the House itself as a committee. Here it is'discussed in detail and amended, if necessary. The Bill is then presented for a third reading and is debated. If the Bill is passed by the Commons it goes to the Lords, and provided it is not rejected by them, it goes through the same procedure as in the Commons. After receiving the Royal Assent the Bill becomes an Act of Parliament. In order to be enforced, it must be published in Statute form, becoming a part of Statute Law. ,The power of the Lords to reject a Bill has been severely curtailed. A money Bill must be passed by the Lords without amendment within a month of being presented in the House. The Act of 1949 provides that any Public Bill passed by the Commons in two successive parliamentary sessions and rejected both times by the Lords, may be presented for the Royal Assent, even though it has not been passed by the Lords. The Lords, therefore, can only delay the passage of a Public Bill, they cannot reject it.

TASK 3. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following expressions.

- абсолютное большинство;

- отклонить законопроект;

- выдвинуть законопроект;

- налогообложение;

- внести поправку в законопроект;

- обсуждать политические вопросы; / - королевская санкция;

* - ассигновать деньги для нужд правительства;

- принять закон;

- обсуждать законопроект;

- подробно обсудить;

- направить законопроект на рассмотрение;

- отложить принятие законопроекта.

TASK 4. Explain the meanings of the folio-wing expressions from the text.

' Statute Law;

- to be published in Statute form;

- to receive a formal reading;

- to enforce an Act of Parliament;

- to be severely curtailed;

- a money Bill.

TASK 5. Analyze the chart. Give Russian equivalents for the words in bold type. How Bills Go through Parliament

f First Reading \

Publication is

announced Second ReadingGeneral debate on

principles