Make the annotation of the text in Russian.

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №2

ВАРИАНТ I

Задание I. Прочитайте и переведите весь текст устно. Перепишите 7,8, 9 абзацы текста и переведите их письменно. К собеседованию подготовьте чтение и перевод всего текста.

The British Monarchy

The Monarch is really a figurehead representing the country. For thousands of years England (and later whole of the United Kingdom) has been united under one sovereign. The hereditary principle still operates and the Crown is passed to the sovereign’s eldest son or daughter if there are no sons.

Upon the death of the Sovereign, his or her heir immediately and automatically succeeds (hence the phrase "The King is dead. Long live the King!"), and the accession of the sovereign is publicly proclaimed by an Accession Council that meets at St. James's Palace. The monarch is crowned in Westminster Abbey, normally by the Archbishop of Canterbury. A coronation is not necessary for a sovereign to reign; indeed, the ceremony usually takes place many months after accession to allow sufficient time for its preparation and for a period of mourning.

On the one hand the Queen is one of the richest women in the world. The Crown Estate is one of the largest property owners in the United Kingdom, with holdings of £7.3 billion in 2011. But on the other hand her power is limited by the fact that many of her expenses are paid for by government money. The Civil List covers most expenses, including those for staffing, state visits, public engagements, and official entertainment. Its size is fixed by Parliament every 10 years; any money saved may be carried forward to the next 10-year period.

In accordance with unwritten constitutional conventions, the Sovereign must appoint an individual who commands the support of the House of Commons, usually the leader of the party or coalition that has a majority in that House. The Prime Minister takes office by attending the Monarch in private audience, and after Kissing Hands that appointment is immediately effective without any other formality or instrument.

In a "hung parliament", in which no party or coalition holds a majority, the monarch has an increased degree of latitude in choosing the individual likely to command most support, but it would usually be the leader of the largest party. Since 1945, there have only been two hung parliaments.

The monarch could in theory unilaterally dismiss a Prime Minister, but a Prime Minister's term now comes to an end only by electoral defeat, death, or resignation. But the Queen has the power to prevent any politician from establishing a dictatorship.

Some of the government's executive authority is theoretically and nominally vested in the Sovereign and is known as the Royal Prerogative. The monarch acts within the constraints of convention and precedent, only exercising prerogative on the advice of ministers responsible to Parliament, often through the Prime Minister or Privy Council. In practice, prerogative powers are only exercised on the Prime Minister's advice—the Prime Minister, and not the Sovereign, has control. The monarch holds a weekly audience with the Prime Minister. The monarch may express his or her views, but, as a constitutional ruler, must ultimately accept the decisions of the Prime Minister and the Cabinet

The Royal Prerogative includes the powers to appoint and dismiss ministers, regulate the civil service, issue passports, declare war, make peace, direct the actions of the military, and negotiate and ratify treaties, alliances, and international agreements.

It is the prerogative of the monarch to summon and prorogue Parliament. Each parliamentary session begins with the monarch's summons. The new parliamentary session is marked by the State Opening of Parliament, during which the Sovereign reads the Speech from the Throne in the Chamber of the House of Lords, outlining the Government's legislative agenda.

The Monarch takes little direct part in Government. The decisions to exercise sovereign powers are delegated from the Monarch, either by statute or by convention, to Ministers or officers of the Crown, or other public bodies, exclusive of the Monarch personally. Thus the acts of state done in the name of the Crown, such as Crown Appointments,^] even if personally performed by the Monarch, such as the Queen's Speech and the State Opening of Parliament, depend upon decisions made by others.

The Sovereign's role as a constitutional monarch is largely limited to non-partisan functions, such as granting honours.

Задание II. Выпишите все незнакомые слова. Найдите в тексте следующие слова и словосочетания, найдите их транскрипцию в словаре, выучите их. Знание слов будет проверяться на собеседовании.

созывать

отправлять в отставку министров

свобода

прием гостей

номинальный глава

исключительное право

наследный принцип

после вступления

проигрыш

имущество короны

вести переговоры

уход в отставку

расходы

Задание III. Найдите в 1,2,10 абзаце текста предложения, в которых употребляется Participle I, Participle II, выпишите и переведите их на русский язык.

Задание IV. Найдите в 4,5,6 абзаце текста предложения, в которых употребляется Gerund, выпишите и переведите их на русский язык.

Задание V. Найдите в 8,9 абзаце текста предложения, в которых употребляется Infinitive, выпишите и переведите их на русский язык.

Задание VI. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на значение модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов.

1. The Monarchy existed some four hundred years before Parliament and tree centuries before the first courts of law, and an almost unbroken line of kings and queens can be traced back for over a thousand years.

2. The Queen is expected to be impartial or “above politics”, and any advice she may offer the Prime Minister is kept secret.

3. The Queen might refuse a prime ministerial request to appoint peers to the House of Lords where the reason for the request is to flood the Lords with government supporters.

4. The Queen might refuse royal assent where the refusal is on the advice of the prime minister.

5. The Queen must still give assent because the will of Parliament has a higher constitutional status than that of the executive.

6. The Queen is able to refuse a dissolution if the prime minister is acting clearly unconstitutionally.

7. In a few special cases it is believed that the monarch has to exercise personal power.

8. The monarch may express his or her views, but, as a constitutional ruler, must ultimately accept the decisions of the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.

9. The monarch doesn’t have to take an active part in the political life of the UK.

10. The monarch could in theory unilaterally dismiss a Prime Minister.

Задание VII. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на сослагательное наклонение.

1. If only one monarch has used a particular name, no ordinal is used; for example, Queen Victoria is not known as "Victoria I", and ordinals are not used for English monarchs who reigned before the Norman conquest of England.

2. If a government is defeated on a vote of confidence in the House of Commons but refuses to resign or to advise a dissolution the Queen could probably dismiss the government.

3. If Her Majesties Government is defeated on a vote of confidence in the House of Commons, Her Majesties Opposition could form a majority, could be placed in office or the Queen could dissolve Parliament, thus putting the case to the people through an election.

4. The Queen could dismiss a government if it violates a basic constitutional principle, for example by proposing legislation to abolish elections.

5. If there was an election tomorrow, who would you vote for?

6. If I found a wallet in the street, I’d take it to the police station.

7. I’d be very frightened if somebody pointed a gun at me.

8. The Queen could dissolve Parliament, if Her Majesties Government lost her confidence.

Задание VIII. Задайте вопросы к выделенным словам.

1. Prerogative powers are only exercised on the Prime Minister's advice—the Prime Minister, and not the Sovereign, has control.

2. The Queen has the power to prevent any politician from establishing a dictatorship.

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №2

ВАРИАНТ II

Задание I. Прочитайте и переведите весь текст устно. Перепишите 1,2,3 абзацы текста и переведите их письменно. К собеседованию подготовьте чтение и перевод всего текста.

The United Kingdom is a political union made up of four constituent countries: England, Scotland, Wales, Nothern Ireland and several overseas territories, including Gibraltar and the Falkland Islands. The UK is a highly developed country, a member of the Group of Eight (GE), member of the European Union (EU), is a founding member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), the United Nations (UN), where it holds a permanent seat in the Security Council.

Britain is a parliamentary democracy what can be seen through free elections, freedom of speech and open and equal treatment before the law. The British monarchy in this country has been for many centuries and it is known for being a constitutional monarchy (or parliamentary monarchy). The head of the state is the Queen but the power of Her Majesty the Queen of the UK is limited by the British Parliament. That is why they often say that the monarch in this country reigns but does not rule. Although the British Sovereign no longer has a political or executive role, he or she continues to play an important part in the life of the nation.

In reality, the House of Commons is the only one of the three having true power. It is here that new bills are introduced and debated. If the majority of the members are in favor of a bill it goes to the House of Lords to be debated and finally to the monarch to be signed. Only then it becomes law. The House of Lords is known to be the upper house of the Parliament, but it seems the less powerful part of Parliament. It consists of non-elected members : hereditary peers, life peers and about 30 Law Lords.

The British parliamentary system depends on political parties. Since 1945 the British Government is constantly represented by two political parties: Conservative (who are called "Tory" by their opponents) and Labour (called "Whigs"). In 1988 the Liberal Party made an alliance with Social Democrats and the Party of Liberal Democrats was formed.

The Conservative Party, often called Tory Party, is that of big business, industry, commerce and landowners. It is the most powerful party and is often called a party of business directors. The Labour Party, formed in 1900, was the one which drew away working people’s support. There are also some other parties: the Scottish National and Welsh Nationalist parties, the Communist party of Britain and the Communist party of Great Britain.

The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the Head of Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom. The operating Prime Minister, David Cameron, leader of the Conservative Party, was appointed on 11 May 2010.

As the "Head of Her Majesty's Government" the modern Prime Minister leads the Cabinet (the Executive). In addition the Prime Minister leads a major political party and generally commands a majority in the House of Commons. He is responsible for appointing and dismissing ministers. In the House of Commons, the Prime Minister guides the law-making process with the goal of enacting the legislative agenda of their political party.

The British system of government is based on an "unwritten" constitution, meaning that it is not codified into a single document. Scattered across 800 years, the British constitution consists of many documents—such as Magna Carta (1215), the Great Reform Bill (1832), and the Parliament Act (1911)—and, most important for the evolution of the office of Prime Minister, customs known as conventions that became accepted practice.

Задание II. Выпишите все незнакомые слова. Найдите в тексте следующие слова и словосочетания, найдите их транскрипцию в словаре, выучите их. Знание слов будет проверяться на собеседовании.

совет по безопасности

полное рассмотрение

наследные пэры

землевладельцы

привлекать, получать

Правительство Ее Величества

руководить большинством

отправлять министров в отставку

законодательный процесс

законодательная инициатива

должность Премьер министра

общепринятая практика

Задание III. Найдите в 5,6,8 абзаце текста предложения, в которых употребляется Participle I, Participle II, выпишите и переведите их на русский язык.

Задание IV. Найдите в 2,7 абзаце текста предложения, в которых употребляется Gerund, выпишите и переведите их на русский язык.

Задание V. Найдите в 3 абзаце текста предложения, в которых употребляется Infinitive, выпишите и переведите их на русский язык.

Задание VI. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на значение модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов.

1. The Queen can reign but can’t rule.

2. The House of Commons can introduce a new legislation.

3. The Prime Minister must lead the majority party, run the Government, appoint Ministers, represent the nation in political matters.

4. Britain is a parliamentary democracy what can be seen through free elections, freedom of speech and open and equal treatment before the law.

5. Upon accepting the office the Prime Minister must form a government.

6. Each party is able to conduct its own election campaign with meetings, speeches and television commercials.

7. The Queen might refuse royal assent where the refusal is on the advice of the prime minister.

8. The monarch may express his or her views, but, as a constitutional ruler, must ultimately accept the decisions of the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.

9. The British constitution can be called "unwritten" because it is not codified into a single document.

10. I have to work from 8.30 till 5.30 every day.

Задание VII. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на сослагательное наклонение.

1. The Prime Minister could dismiss the ministers of his Cabinet if they violate a basic constitutional principle, for example by proposing legislation to abolish elections.

2. If the Prime Minister is defeated on a vote of confidence in the House of Commons but refuses to resign or to advise a dissolution, the Queen could probably dismiss the Prime Minister and his government.

3. If Her Majesties Government is defeated on a vote of confidence in the House of Commons, Her Majesties Opposition could form a majority, could be placed in office or the Queen could dissolve Parliament, thus putting the case to the people through an election.

4. If I don’t have a car, I won’t spend so much money on petrol.

5. If I could speak six languages, I’d become an interpreter at the United Nation.

6. If my country was bigger, we would become a more important military power in Europe.

7. If I studied law, I would have to spend a lot of time learning by heart.

8. If the car breaks down, we won’t catch the train.

9. The United Kingdom was an absolute monarchy, the Queen would be the supreme authority.

Задание VIII. Задайте вопросы к выделенным словам.

1. The House of Lords consists of non-elected members : hereditary peers, life peers and about 30 Law Lords.

2. The Prime Minister leads a major political party and generally commands a majority in the House of Commons.