More cohesive texts are also more interesting.

2) The areas of ‘coherence’ and ‘cohesion’

are closely related to each other. While cohesion generally

refers to the way in which a text links together, coherence

relates to the overall idea of logical development and whether

your argument is consistent throughout.

Cohesion is an important component of academic writing.

It enables the reader to follow the line of your argument

clearly and to understand your point of view. In addition,

using this skill means that your text avoids repetition.

More cohesive texts are also more interesting.

Card 22

1) Academic writing is more objective

Phrases such as I think, I believe and In my opinion should not be used in academic writing.

Academic writing is more complexAs a general principle, academic writing is more complexthan other forms of writing. This is because academic writing

often discusses difficult, challenging ideas which can only be expressed with particular grammar and language. Areas where this complexity may be seen include:

Formality of language, Grammatical structures, Density of language

Academic writing has a more formal structure-All writing has some kind of structure. The structure of academic writing is more formal thanother types of writing. The following characteristics may be observed:f t The text as a whole has a specific, formalized structure - the introduction , main bodyandCONCLUSION.f t The text must have cohesionand coherence- it must link together clearly so thatit is possible to follow the writer’s argument.f t Paragraphs should be roughly the same length throughout, so there is a good overallbalance. Paragraphs often follow a similar structure - topic sentence, outline of argument,supporting evidence, short conclusion and transition to the next paragraph Academic writing uses more referencing

Building on the ideas of other people is one of the central features of academic writing. In order to show where these ideas come from (and to avoid plagiarism ),a reference system isused (note: the reference system used throughout this book is the Harvard referencing style).

2) Compare describes the differences and similarites between two things to view one in relation to the other. to represent as similar (liken); to examine the character or qualities of especially in order to discover resemblances or differences; to view in relation to

Contrast describes the differences between two things. compare or appraise in respect to differences