Production

All but buckwheat and quinoa are true grasses (these two are pseudo cereals). Maize, wheat and rice, between them, accounted for 87% of all grain production, worldwide, and 43% of all food calories in 2003. Other grains that are important in some places, but that have little production globally, include:

Teff, popular in Ethiopia but scarcely known elsewhere. This ancient grain is a staple in Ethiopia. It is high in fiber and protein. Its flour is often used to make injera. It can also be eaten as a warm breakfast cereal similar to farina with a chocolate or nutty flavor. Its flour and whole grain products can usually be found in natural foods stores.

Wild rice, grown in small amounts in North America

Amaranth, ancient pseudo cereal, formerly a staple crop of the Aztec Empire (besides maize)

Kaсiwa, close relative of quinoa

Several other species of wheat have also been domesticated, some very early in the history of agriculture:

Spelt, a close relative of common wheat

Einkorn, a wheat species with a single grain

Emmer, one of the first crops domesticated in the Fertile Crescent

Durum, the only tetraploid species of wheat currently cultivated, used to make semolina

Pair work. Tell your group-mates about cereals.

Lesson 3

A) Cover the right column and read the English words. Translate them into Russian and check your translation.

B) Cover the left column and translate the Russian words back into English.

starch крахмал

amino acid аминокислота

nutrients питательные вещества, нутриенты

obesity тучность; ожирение

feed корм, фураж

pulse вибрация

2. Read the words and put down their Russian equivalents:

grain amaranth

food value

food energy

dietary fiber

essential fatty acids

Change the words according to the model. Translate the words.

Model: Pollution, to pollute – загрязнять

satisfaction, to __________________ - __________________

combination, to _________________ - ___________________

confirmation, to _________________ - __________________

utilization, to __________________ - ___________________

4. Analyze the following words. Define where the ending –ly is the suffix of an adverb.

typically

supply

especially

particularly

exceptionally

simply

Master the following words.

wheat germ — пшеничный зародыш

dumplings – a) клецка б) яблоко, запеченное в тесте

bran – отруби

oatmeal - 1) овсяная мука, толокно 2) овсянка,

tryptophan - триптофан

6. Put down the English for:

орех

цельные зерна

питательный

перемолотые зерна

предтеча

предшественник ниацина

Translate the following words and word combinations in writing.

degradation _______________________________________

significant source ____________________________________

rancidity-prone fats __________________________________

health-conscious people ______________________________

vitamins A, D, C ____________________________________

Read and translate the text.