Finish the following sentences in such a way that they mean exactly the same as the sentences printed before them.

1. They often argue. She always smashes something. à Whenever…

2. You were wasting your time at the football match; I was cleaning the house. à While…

3. The policeman fired. The thieves had already made their getaway. à By the time …………

4. The operation will finish. We will talk to the surgeon. à When …………….

5. You have finished your studies. You must decide what to do. à Now that …….

6. Had had just left the house. He realised he had forgotten to take his briefcase. à No sooner ……….

7. She went for long walks. She always got lost. à Whenever ….

8. They were sure the information was correct so they presented it to the director. à The minute ………….

9. The rain stopped. The sun came out. à Hardly ………

10. Mary was waiting for the bus. An alarm went off. à While ………

11. He had the operation. He has felt better. à Ever since ………

12. He hung up the phone. It rang again. à No sooner………..

13. They will leave. I will clean the house. à After …………

14. You will hear from him. Please let me know. à When ………

15. Could you let me know the moment the food is ready? à As soon ………..

16. She always went to her mother when she had a problem. à Whenever …..

7. Prepare 10 sentences for translation from Russian into English in which time clauses would be introduced by the following time conjunctions and expressions:

after, as, as soon as, by the time, hardly … when, now that, the minute / moment (that), till / until, whenever, while

CONDITIONAL CLAUSES

Conditional Clauses are introduced by conditional conjunctions or expressions such as:

if

provided (that)

providing (that)

as long as

so long as

on condition (that)

unless

in case (AE)

e.g. If we miss the last bus, we'll have to walk home.

e.g. You can go out to play provided (that) you finish your homework first.

e.g. Providing (that) you are able to keep your eyes and head relatively still you will find that after about 30 seconds or so the grey area around the dot will slowly fade away.

e.g. My parents don't care what job I do as long as I'm happy.

e.g. People will say they can tolerate risk, so long as they don't experience losses.

e.g. One owner agrees to take me round and talk about what happened on condition that I do not use his name.

e.g. I can't help you unless you tell me what's wrong.

e.g. Take an umbrella with you in case it rains.

Never use a future form in a conditional clause – in the Indicative Mood, use a present tense instead.

e.g. I'll help you if you help me.

Notes

1. We can use if + will in polite requests. In this case, will is not a future auxiliary; it means 'are willing to'.

e.g. If you will come this way, I'll take you to the manager's office.

e.g. If your mother willfill in this form, I'll have her luggage taken up to her room.

Wouldcan be used to make a request even more polite.

e.g. If you would come this way, I'll take you to the manager's office.

e.g. Wait over there, if you would.

e.g. We would appreciate it if you would be so kind as to reply as soon as possible.

Stressed will can also be used after if when it expresses the idea of insistence.

e.g. If you will stay up late every night, it's not surprising that you feel exhausted.

2. In case in British English is not the same as if. We use in case to say why someone does (or doesn't do) something. You do something now because something happens later. Compare:

e.g. We'll buy some more food in case Tom comes. (= Perhaps Tom will come; we'll buy some more food now, whether he comes or not) – We'll buy some more food if Tom comes. (= Perhaps Tom will come; if he comes, we'll buy some more food; if he doesn't come, we won't buy any more food.

Similarly, in case + past tense is used to say why somebody did something:

e.g. We bought some more food in case Tom came. (= because it was possible that Tom would come)

e.g. We ran the bell again in case they hadn't heard it the first time.

Therefore in casein British English introduces adverbial clauses of purpose.