Read the text and add other countries to the list.

As we know from the definition of trafficking, transportationand transferis one of the major phases of the crime. Victims can be transported in different ways:

by means of legal entryto foreign countries, by means of illegal entrywith forgedtravel documents, exiting the country of origin legally but travelling through other countries illegally.

The transportation phase procedure largely depends on the context and location. Entry into a neighbouring country or travel within a region may be more easily achieved by covertmeans, whereas travel and entry into a more distant country involves overttravel and the production of documents, as it normally involves travel by air, train or ship and the negotiation of border entry control.

Trafficking victims are not always transported directly to the country of destination. Frequently, the process can extendover a significant amount oftime, even weeks and months, and involve a number of different transit locationsin which the victims can be coerced into exploitative activity. There may not be atransit country involved in the story at all. The trafficking route may be direct fromorigin to destination without a break. Alternatively, there may be a number oftransit countries and each one should be considered in sequence.

According to the information provided by law enforcement agencies, Ukrainian women are exported to Russia, Turkey, Poland, Czech Republic, Lithuania, Italy, UAE, Cyprus, Israel, Greece, Great Britain, Spain and other countries. Ukraine is the country of originand, in exceptional cases, the country of transit.

Turkey and Russia are major points of destination for trafficked women from Ukraine.

The Criminal Code of Ukraine entered into force on 1 September 2001. It established criminal liability for trafficking in human beings, including that for the purpose of sexual or other exploitation (Article 149 Trafficking in human beings or other illegal agreement with regard to a person of Chapter III – Criminal offences against liberty, honour and dignity of a person). Article 149 last version complies with the requirements of the U.N. Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime and the supplementing Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children as well as other international legal instruments that prohibit the keeping of people in slavery, servitude, trafficking in persons in any form. Trafficking in persons is a grave crime.

On March 7, 2007, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine adopted the State Program on Combating Trafficking in Human Beings for the period until 2010. The main objectives of this document are: to counteract the growth of human trafficking, help trafficking survivors and establish a system to prevent these negative phenomena.

XV.Answer the following questions using the information from the text.