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A P P E N D I X
Irregular Verbs
| Infinitive | Past Simple | Past Participle | Translation |
| awake | awoke | awaken | прокидатися, будити |
| be | was/were | been | бути |
| bear | bore | born, borne | народжуватися, носити |
| become | became | become | ставати |
| begin | began | begun | починати(ся) |
| bend | bent | bent | згинатися |
| blow | blew | blown | дути |
| break | broke | broken | ламати(ся) |
| bring | brought | brought | приносити |
| build | built | built | будувати |
| burn | burnt, burned | burnt, burned | палити |
| buy | bought | bought | купувати |
| catch | caught | caught | ловити |
| choose | chose | chosen | вибирати |
| come | came | come | приходити |
| cost | cost | cost | коштувати |
| cut | cut | cut | різати |
| deal | dealt | dealt | мати справу |
| do | did | done | робити |
| draw | drew | drawn | малювати, тягнути |
| drink | drank | drunk | пити |
| drive | drove | driven | їхати, приводити у дію |
| eat | ate | eaten | їсти |
| fall | fell | fallen | падати |
| feed | fed | fed | годувати |
| feel | felt | felt | почувати(ся), відчувати |
| fight | fought | fought | боротися |
| find | found | found | знаходити |
| fly | flew | flown | літати |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | забувати |
| freeze | froze | frozen | замерзати |
| get | got | got, gotten | отримувати |
| give | gave | given | давати |
| go | went | gone | йти, їхати |
| grow | grew | grown | рости |
| hang | hung | hung | вішати |
| have | had | had | мати |
| hear | heard | heard | чути |
| hide | hid | hidden, hid | ховати |
| hold | held | held | тримати |
| keep | kept | kept | тримати, зберігати |
| know | knew | known | знати |
| lay | laid | laid | класти |
| lead | led | led | вести |
| leave | left | left | покидати |
| let | let | let | дозволяти, пускати |
| lie | lay | lain | лежати |
| light | lit, lighted | lit, lighted | освітлювати |
| lose | lost | lost | втрачати, губити |
| make | made | made | робити |
| mean | meant | meant | означати |
| meet | met | met | зустрічати(ся) |
| pay | paid | paid | платити |
| put | put | put | класти |
| read [ri:d] | read [red] | read [red] | читати |
| ride | rode | ridden | їхати верхи |
| ring | rang | rung | дзвонити |
| rise | rose | risen | підійматися |
| run | ran | run | бігти |
| say | said | said | говорити, сказати |
| see | saw | seen | бачити |
| seek | sought | sought | шукати |
| sell | sold | sold | продавати |
| send | sent | sent | відправляти, посилити |
| set | set | set | встановлювати |
| shake | shook | shaken | трусити |
| shine | shone | shone | світити |
| shoot | shot | shot | стріляти |
| show | showed | shown | показувати |
| shut | shut | shut | закривати |
| sing | sang | sung | співати |
| sit | sat | sat | сидіти |
| sleep | slept | slept | спати |
| speak | spoke | spoken | говорити, розмовляти |
| spend | spent | spent | витрачати |
| spread | spread | spread | поширювати(ся) |
| stand | stood | stood | стояти |
| steal | stole | stolen | красти |
| strike | struck | struck | бити, страйкувати |
| swim | swam | swum | плавати |
| take | took | taken | брати |
| teach | taught | taught | викладати |
| tell | told | told | розповідати |
| think | thought | thought | думати |
| throw | threw | thrown | кидати |
| understand | understood | understood | розуміти |
| wake | woke | woken | будити, прокидатися |
| wear | wore | worn | носити |
| win | won | won | перемагати |
| write | wrote | written | писати |
Фонетичні правила читання голосних
| Тип складу | І тип відкритий | ІІ тип закритий | ІІІ тип rпісля голосного | ІV тип rміж голосними |
| a | [ei] hate | [æ] hat | [a:] hard | [εə ] care |
| o | [ou] note | [P] not | [O:] nor | [O:] more |
| u | [ju:] tube | [V], [A] put, cut | [ə:] turn | [juq ] cure |
| e | [i:] Pete | [e] met | [ə:] her | [iq ] here |
| i, y | [ai] fine, my | [i] till, gyps | [W] girl, Byrd | [aiq ] fire, tyre |
Порядок слів у стверджувальному реченні
| Обставина часу, місця | Підмет | Обставина способу дії | Присудок | Додаток | Обставина |
| In winter | children | often | play | snowballs | in the school yards. |
| He | usually | does | his homework | in time. |
| Стверджувальне реченняThe shops close / don’t close at 7 tonight. Питальне реченняDo the shops close at 7 tonight? Спонукальне реченняShut the door. / Don’t shut the door. Окличне речення What a slow train this is! |
Active Voice
| Indefinite | Continuous be + V-ing | Perfect have + V-ed (3ф) | Perfect Continuous have been + V-ed (3ф) | |
| Present | V(s) I write a letter. She writes a letter. | I am writing a letter now. | I have just written a letter. | I have been writing a letter for an hour. |
| Past | V-ed (2ф) I wrote a letter an hour ago. I worked hard. | I was writing a letter when you called me. | I said that I had already written a letter. | I had been writing a letter when you came. |
| Future | will + V I will write a letter next week. | I will be writing a letter at 5. | I will have written a letter by 5. | I will have been writing a letter for an hour tomorrow. |
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