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Forming the passive.
| Tense | |
| Structure | Examples |
| Simple Present | |
| Am/is/are + past participle(V3) | Italian is spoken in Italy. |
| Present Progressive. | |
| Am/is/are + being + past participle(V3) | The house is being painted. |
| Simple Past | |
| Was/were + past participle(V3) | I was invited to the party. |
| Past Progressive | |
| Was/were + past participle(V3) | I felt I was being watched. |
| Present Perfect | |
| Have/has+ been + past participle(V3) | Has the book been read? |
| Past Perfect | |
| Had been + past participle(V3) | I knew I had been forgotten. |
| Will future. | |
| Will be + past participle(V3) | He will be told soon. |
| Future Perfect | |
| Will have been + past participle(V3) | Everything will have been done by Monday. |
| Going to Future | |
| Am/is/are going to be + past participle(V3) | Who is going to be invited? |
It is said that… He is said to…
It is said that he is 95 years old. = He is said to be 95 years old.
These sentencesmean: People say that he is 95 years old. We can use these structures with a number of verbs: believed, considered, expected, known, reported, thought, understood. It is expected that the strike will end soon. = The strike is expected to end soon.
Some verbs are not used in passive voice: die, arrive, fit, have, lack, suit, resemble, agree etc. He has a nice house. (But not! A nice house is had by them) My shoes don’t fit me (But not!I’m not fitted by my shoes.).
The Passive form of modals.
| Active voice | Passive voice Modal + be + past participle |
| 1. They will invite Marat to the picnic. | 1. Marat will be invited to the picnic. |
| 2. He can’t open the door. | 2. The door can’t be opened. |
| 3. Parents should teach children to respect. | 3. Children should be taught to respect the elders. |
| 4. I had better return this book to the library. | 4. This book had better be returned to the library. |
| 5. You ought to send the telegram right away. | 5. This telegram ought to be sent right away. |
| 6. You have to tell Alina about his plans. | 6. Alina has to be told about his plans |
| Active voice | The Past Passive form Modal + have been + past participle. |
| 1. I should have sent the book last week. | 1. The book should have been sent last week |
| 2. They must have built this house over 100 years ago. | 2. This house must have been built over 100 years ago. |
| 3. She ought to have invited Saule to the party. | 3. Saule ought to have been invited to the party. |
Have something done.
We use have something done to say that we arrange for somebody else to do something for us.
Nazgul repaired the roof. ( = she repaired it herself)
Nazgul hadthe roof repaired. ( = she arranged for somebody else to repair it.) Where did you haveyour hair cut?
How often do you have your car serviced?
Our neighbor has just hada garage built.
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