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The objective with the infinitive construction
The objective with the infinitive construction forms a complex object, thus it follows the predicate of the sentence.
The construction consists of:
- a nominal element (a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the objective case) and
- an infinitive which is in predicate relation to the noun in the common case or the pronoun in the nominative case.
Table 7. The Objective with the infinitive construction
| Subject Predicate | Noun in the common case | + infinitive |
| Pronoun in the objective case | ||
| We want | John her son him | to come, to visit us. to study well. |
Ways of translating the construction into Russian
The construction is translated into Russian mainly by anobject clause where the subject corresponds to the nominal element of the construction and the predicate - to the infinitive. The Russian object clause may be introduced by the conjunctions что, как, чтобы.
But right now he wanted her to stop crying.- Но сейчас он хотел, чтобыона перестала плакать.
Philip stood where he was and watched hergo. - Филипп стоял, не двигаясь, и смотрел, какона уходила.
Не had never seen her cry. — Он никогда не видел, как она плачет.
After the verbs to hear, to see, to watch in translation into Russian the object clause is introduced by the conjunction "как": слышать как, видеть как.
After the verb to noticethe construction is usually translated by an object clause introduced by the conjunction "что": заметить, что.
He noticed the girl steal into the room. - Он заметил, что девушка прокралась в комнату.
After the verbs to make, to compel, to force, to cause, to get, to have(the so-called causative verbs) the construction may be translated by part of a simple sentence, sometimes we may see literal translation when the English verb is translated by the corresponding Russian verbs заставлять, вынуждать, побуждать.
What made you give up smoking? - Что заставило вас бросить курить?
The circumstances forced him to leave the town. - Обстоятельства заставили (вынудили) его уехать из города.
In some cases due to the context there may be different lexicalways of rendering the construction into Russian, especially after the verb to make:
What makes you think so? - Почему ты так думаешь?
Jack made Aliena laugh. —Джек рассмешил Алину.
They made her burn with shame. - Из-за них она вся сгорала от стыда.
The objective with the infinitive construction is used:
after the verbs denoting sense perception (to see, to hear, to feel, to watch, to observe, to notice, etc.) With these verbs only a bare non-perfect, non-continuous, active infinitiveis used.
I saw the man __break the window. - Я видел, как этот человек разбил окно.
I didn't notice you__raise your hand. - Я не заметил, что вы подняли руку.
I heard the dog___bark. — Я услышал, как собака залаяла.
After these verbs the infinitive indicates that we heard or saw the whole of the action or event,that's why it is often translated into Russian by a verb in the past tense (разбил, подняли, залаяла).
If the meaning is passive, Participle II is used.
She watched the work completed. - Она смотрела (наблюдала), как закончилиработу.
If a processis expressed, Participle I is used.
She watched them completing the work. — Она наблюдала, как они заканчивалиработу.
Note 1:When the verb "to see" is used in the meaning to realize, to understandor the verb to hearis used in the meaning to learn,the objective with the infinitive construction cannot be used. In such cases a subordinate clause is used.
I saw that he didn 4 understand me. - Я видел (понял), что он меня не понимает.
Ihear that he lives in St. Petersburg again. - Я слышал (узнал), что он снова живет в Санкт-Петербурге.
Note 2:After the verbs to see, to noticewhen they denote sense perception the infinitive of the verb "to be" is not used. Instead a subordinate clauseis used.
We saw that he was in.— Я увидел, что он дома.
I noticed that he was unwell. — Я заметил, что ему нехорошо.
after verbs of mental activity {to think, to believe, to consider, to expect, to understand, to suppose, to findetc.). After these verbs the infinitive may be used in any form though non-perfect forms are more frequent.
I've never known him to read so much.- Я не знал, что он так много читает.
I believed/thought her to be watching TV in the drawing room.– Я считал/думал, что она смотрит телевизор в гостиной.
After these verbs, however, the objective with the infinitive construction is rather literary and not very common. These verbs are more often used with athat-clause (an object clause).
I thought that he was an excellent choice.
The infinitive may be omitted when followed by an adjective (or sometimes a noun).
I think him very clever and talented. I believe her__a true friend.
after verbs of feeling and emotion (to like, to love, to hate, to dislike, cannot bear,etc.)
She hated him to speak like that.- Она ненавидит, когда он так говорит.
The child loved his mother to sing to him.- Ребенок любил, чтобы мать пела ему.
after verbs of wish and intention (to want, to wish, to desire, to mean, to intend, etc.).
I didn't me an you to с отеso early. — Я не хотела, чтобы Вы приходили так рано.
after verbs of declaring (to declare, to report, to pronounce, etc.).
They reported the plane to have landed.- Сообщили, что самолет приземлился.
after verbs of inducement (to force, to have, to make, to get, to cause, etc.).,when
to have is used in the meaning of заставить; сказать, чтобы;
to makein the meaning of заставить;
to cause in the meaning of заставить, распорядиться.
The first two verbs are followed in this construction only by a bare infinitive.
Beauty makes the world go round.- Красота движет миром. (Заставляет мир двигаться).
How should I get him to take the money. - Как мне заставить его взять деньги?
I hope you'll have him sign the papers. — Надеюсь, ты добьешься (сделаешь так), чтобы он подписал документы.
after verbs of order or permission (to order, to allow, to suffer, to ask, to let, to tell,etc.).
Poor old thing, let her enjoy her little illusion.- Бедняга, пусть она потешится своими маленькими иллюзиями.
With these verbs except to suffer, to telland to letwe find the objective with the infinitive construction only if its first part denotes a lifeless thing(expressed by a noun or pronoun) or when the infinitive is passive.
I didn't allow the name to pass my lips.- Я не позволила себе произносить это имя.
Не ordered the picture to be carried away.— Он приказал, чтобы картину унесли.
If the object is expressed by a noun or a pronoun denoting a living being and the infinitive is active, there are two direct objects and there is no infinitive construction:
He ordered the secretary(object I) to bring the letters(object 2) =
He ordered the secretary.
He ordered to bring the letters.
after some verbs requiring a prepositional object(to count on, to look for, to listen to, to rely on, to wait for)
I rely onyou to come in time. - Я рассчитываю, что вы придете вовремя.
We counted on you to come and help us.- Мы рассчитывали, что ты придешь и поможешь нам.
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