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PAST SIMPLE
ПРОШЕДШЕЕ ПРОСТОЕ
BE*
| Positive
| I, he, she, it was happy.
You, we, they were happy.
| | Negative
| I, he, she, it was not (wasn’t) happy.
You, we, they were not (weren’t) happy.
| | Question
| Was I, he, she, it happy?
Were you, we, they happy?
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*См. примечания, данные к аналогичной таблице во времени Present Simple.
DO
V1 + ed / неправильный глагол2
| Positive
| I, you, he, she, it, we, they worked / came.
| | Negative
| I, you, he, she, it, we, they did not (didn’t) work / come.
| | Question
| Did I, you, he, she, it, we, they work / come?
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1 Под V подразумевается любой глагол.
2 Таблица неправильных глаголов приводится в конце сборника.
V + -ED: SPELLING RULES
НАПИСАНИЕ ГЛАГОЛОВ С СУФФИКСОМ –ED
| сочетания букв | примеры
| | 1. –e + d | improve – improved, realise – realised
| | 2. гл. + согл.
| rob – robbed, rub – rubbed (но: open – opened)
| | 3. согл. + y | try – tried, cry – cried
| | 4. гл. + у
| play – played, pray – prayed
| Meanings (значения)
Nobody came to the party.
- последовательные действия в прошлом:
I stood up, put on his hat and left.
- регулярные действия в прошлом:
On Sunday he always took her to the cinema.
Чтобы обозначить регулярные действия в прошлом, которые в настоящем не происходят, следует использовать фразу used to:
Some years ago we used to call on me every day, now he never does.
Markers (наречия и выражения, используемые с Past Simple):
yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week / month / year, an hour ago, in 1876, on the 2nd of April
FUTURE SIMPLE
БУДУЩЕЕ ПРОСТОЕ
WILL + V
| Positive
| I, you, he, she, it, we, they will work.
| | Negative
| I, you, he, she, it, we, they will not (won’t) work.
| | Question
| Will I, you, he, she, it, we, they work?
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Meanings (значения)
I will help you.
It will rain tomorrow.
I didn’t know Ann is in hospital. I’ll go and see her right now.
THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE)
НАСТОЯЩЕЕ ПРОДОЛЖЕННОЕ
AM / IS / ARE + VING
| Positive
| I am (I’m) working.
You are (you’re) working.
He, she, it is (he’s) working.
We are (we’re) working.
They are (they’re) working.
| | Negative
| I am not (I’m not) working.
You are not (aren’t) working.
He is not (isn’t) working.
She is not (isn’t) working.
It is not (isn’t) working.
We are not (aren’t) working.
They are not (aren’t) working.
| | Question
| Am I working?
Are you working?
Is he working?
Is she working?
Is it working?
Are we working?
Arethey working?
| VERB + ING: SPELLING RULES
НАПИСАНИЕ ГЛАГОЛОВ С ОКОНЧАНИЕМ –ING
| сочетание букв
| примеры
| | 1. гл. + согл. + ing
| run – running, rob – robbing
| | 2. –e + ing
| write – writing, make – making
| | 3. –ie + ing
| tie – tying, lie – lying
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