Space exploration

Mankind always dreamed of overcoming gravitation and reaching other planets. But it was only in the 1960s that this dream was to become reality.

On the 12^th of April 1961 the spaceship “Vostok” was launched into space with a man on board and after orbiting our planet successfully returned to the Earth. The first man to overcome gravitation and orbit the Earth was Yuri Gagarin. This day went down in history of mankind as an outstanding achievement, opening the space era. In the course of space exploration there have been lots of achievements of world science and technologies. This period saw the launching of many earth satellites, numerous space laboratories. Among the achievements we may enumerate the landing of automatic stations on the Moon, the flights of space laboratories towards Venus and Mars.

These are the years of manned space flight programmes: Valentina Tereshkova was the first woman-cosmonaut to make a space flight, A. A. Leonov achieved the first “space walk” in 1965, the first Soviet experimental station with four cosmonauts on board went into orbit, the first American expedition landed on the Moon.

The Soviet “Lunokhod”, automatic orbital stations “Soyuz” and other space laboratories opened up a new period of space exploration. From the first experiments scientists went over to systematic exploration of space.

Recently there have been calls to reduce expenditure on space research programmes. I think it would be a serious mistake to allow this to happen. There is a direct link between the development of space research programmes and different earth technologies. The higher the former are the more developed the latter are.

Задание2. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What did mankind always dream about?

2. When did this dream become reality?

3. When was the spaceship “Vostok” launched?

4. What opened up a new period of space exploration?

5. What calls have there been recently?

6. What kind of link is there between the development of space research programmes and different earth technologies?

Вопросы к практическому занятию

1. Можете ли вы сказать, о чем текст, основываясь на заголовке? Выскажите предположения.

2. Какие слова и словосочетания относятся к общенаучному стилю?

3. Озаглавьте каждый абзац текста так, чтобы заголовок выражал основную идею абзаца.

4. Изложите основное содержание текста.

Практическое занятие 23

БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ОРУЖИЕ

BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS

Теоретическая часть

Данный лексический материал предназначен для знакомства и овладения общенаучными терминами, активному использованию предлагаемых слов и словосочетаний, подготовки к чтению, переводу и обсуждению общенаучных текстов.

warfare война, борьба, столкновение

disease-causing organism патогенные (болезнетворные) организмы

to incapacitate делать неспособным, выводить из строя

adversary противник, враг, неприятель, соперник

biological agents биологический агент (вещество)

military purposes военные цели

deliberate хорошо обдуманный, предумышленный

to practise применять, осуществлять на практике;

repeatedly повторно, часто, неоднократно

stockpiling накопление

allies союзники, сторонники

to infect (with) заражать

water supplies поставки воды

bubonic plague бубонная чума

anthrax сибирская язва

tularemia туляримия