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The Quest for Affordable Energy





 


b) Письменно переведите первый и второй абзацы текста. Обратите внимание на перевод подчеркнутых слов, словосочетаний и предложений.

c) Поменяйтесь переводами с соседом по парте. Прочитайте его вариант, отметьте неточности или смысловые ошибки перевода. Предложите свой вариант их исправления.

d) .Обратите внимание на удачный перевод слов, словосочетаний или отдельных предложений. Квалифицируйте использованные переводческие приемы.

e) .Оцените качество всего перевода с точки зрения
норм русского языка.

А Текст 10. Письменно переведите текст, учитывая переводческий комментарий.

Thumb-size (1) computers called motes (2) combine microprocessors and memory with radio transceivers, onboard power supplies and a variety of sensors.

■ Moles are inexpensive enough to deploy by the thousands in factories, farms or wildernesses. (3) Each mote can collect and analyze sensor readings independently but can also link up with neighboring motes in a meshlike perceptive network. (4)

■ Motes are already being manufactured by Intel and others. Early prototype systems have helped biologists study seabird nests and redwood groves. Perceptive networks are also being developed to monitor vibrations of manufacturing equipment, strain on bridges, and people in retirement homes.

1. лексическое соответствие 2. определить переводческий прием: выбор лексического соответствия, описательный перевод или транскрипция? 3. лексическое соответствие 4. атрибутивная группа

Текст 11. Сделайте резюмирующий перевод данной рецензии на статью. Затем сделайте выборочный перевод части текста, в которой рассказывается об авторе рецензируемой книги.


Asking the hard questions - and providing some answers

By John P. Holdren

"Power to the People: how the coming energy revolution will transform an industry, change our lives, and maybe even save the planet".

by Vijay Vaitseeswaran, 2003

Energy is the lifeblood of industrial civilization and an absolutely necessary (albeit certainly not sufficient) condition for lifting the world's poor from their poverty. But current methods of mobilizing civilization's energy are more disruptive than anything else that humans do.

The following question defines the core of the energy challenge in the century before us: how can we supply enough affordable energy to permit the billions who are currently poor (and the billions more who will be added to their numbers in the decades ahead) to attain prosperity - and to sustain and expand the prosperity of those already rich - without suffering intolerable damage to the environmental dimensions of human well-being in industrial and developing countries alike?

How difficult will meeting this challenge be? Can the privatization of energy sectors in the developing countries and the restructuring and deregulation of energy sectors in industrial countries be accomplished in ways that provide the economic benefits of competition while still preserving essential public benefits such as the reliability and resilience of the electricity system?

In his book. "Power to the People". Vijay Vaitheeswaran tackles these and the other hard questions at the core of society's energy dilemmas with style, balance and insight. The style is entertaining and accessible. The balance is impeccable - Vaitheeswaran generally lets the most forceful and effective exponents on different sides of the major issues state their case in their own words - but after ventilating the various positions he is not afraid to let the reader know where he comes out.

And this is where the insight comes in. Vaitheeswaran brings to these questions the respect for markets and marketlike mechanisms of a writer for the Economist, the understanding of technology of an MIT-trained engineer, and the sympathy for the plight of the world's poor of an


individual born in India - all of which he happens to be. He also happens to have, in my judgment, a good sense of how to think about - and convey - the interplay of the economic, technological, environmental and sociopolitical dimensions of the energy issue as well as the reasons that the uncertainties afflicting our knowledge of all the dimensions do not add up to a good reason for inaction.

Among the critically important points about all this that the book convincingly conveys:

■ Civilization is no immediate danger of running out of energy or even just out of oil. But we are running out of environment - that is. out of the capacity of the environment to absorb energy's impacts without risk of intolerable disruption - and our heavy dependence on oil in particular entails not only environmental but also economic and political liabilities.

■ Choices that countries make about energy supply commit them to those choices for decades, because power plants and other energy facilities typically last for 40 years or more and are too costly to replace before they wear out. This is one of the reasons it is imprudent in the extreme to wait for even more evidence than we already have before letting climate-change risks start to influence which energy options we choose.

■ Energy technologies that exist or are under development could greatly increase energy efficiency in residencies and businesses, reduce dependence on oil. accelerate the provision of energy services to the world's poor, increase the reliability and resilience of electricity grids, and shrink the impacts of energy supply on climate and other environmental values. The most promising of these options include renewable sources of a variety of types, advanced fossil-fuel technologies that can capture and sequester carbon, and hydrogen-powered fuel cells for vehicle propulsion and dispersed electricity generation.

There are a few small technical slips in the elaboration of all this, but not many, and none that matter to the thrust of the argument.

Written for the intelligent layperson. Vaitheeswaran's book is by far the most helpful, entertaining, up-to-date and accessible treatment of the energy-economy-environment problem available. Its title. Power to the People, might strike some at first as too cute or too presumptuous. By the time I finished the book, though. I thought the title was apt. and in more ways than one. One must hope that knowledge translates to power in the


political sense and that the knowledge to the people conveyed here will
help lead to the political outcomes needed to bring the book's optimistic
vision into being. Scientific American

£я Текст 12. Письменно переведите текст.

Отредактируйте ваш перевод, учитывая нормы русского языка. Обратите внимание на передачу собственных имен и названия учреждений.

For some people, burning leaves and the woody, damp crisp smell of fall can do it. For others, it may take rosewater or lavender, the peculiar but particular mush- dust of a certain attic or the stiff starch perfume of an ironed shirt. Whatever it may be that pulls your past into your present, that evokes a powerful and visceral remembrance, a rare experience of simultaneity. Rachel S. Herz plans to get to the bottom of it.

The psychologist at the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia has been studying these phenomena for a decade, examining how smell, memory and emotion are related. Although the link between odor and recollection is something most people are familiar with as well as fascinated by, Herz is one of a surprisingly small number of researchers examining its underpinnings and implications. Her work has shown that odor is indeed a potent memory cue - but that it is better for recalling emotion than for recalling fact. She has explored, among other things, sexual differences in smell and mate selection, the role odor can play in performance on tests, hemispheric variations in the perception of scents and the influence of words on how we sense smell.

Текст 13. Сделайте письменный перевод текста, используя приемы перевода лексики и прибегая к грамматическим трансформациям та.», где это целесообразно. Назовите эти переводческие приемы и трансформации.

Cool Shirt

Sweat cools your body as it evaporates from the skin, but clothing traps that moisture, raising body temperature and causing you to sweat even more. To help, garment makers are infusing the athletic-apparel


 




market with "'moisture management" fabrics that wide away sweat and dry quickly - and these are just the first of high-tech clothes to come.

Several factors enhance fabrics such as Coolmax from DuPont and Moistex from Asahi Kasei. Manufactures are extruding advanced polyesters into fibers with a moisture content as low as 0.5 percent, versus 4 percent for nylon and 6 to 7 percent for cotton, so that they wick and dry more quickly. New extrusion techniques also allow makers to produce fibers with unusually shaped cross sections that channel away sweat. Crafting the coolest fabric "is a balancing act of many properties." says Michael Hunt, senior research chemist at DuPont Textiles and Interiors in High Point, N.C.

To make winter gear that dissipates moisture but holds in heat, manufacturers use specially extruded hollow fibers that retain insulating air. "The hair in polar bear fur is hollow." Hunt notes. CW-X, Under Armour and other makers of so-called compression garments, which help to hold muscles in place, are also combining the wicking fibers with the compressing strands (often Lycra) so that the snug fit doesn't cause athletes to overheat.

Scientists are vying to create smart fabrics that actually react to changing conditions, such as shirts that change color in sunlight and airy-jackets that suddenly become waterproof when raindrops hit. They are conductive fibers made of polymers doped with additives, such as camphorsulfonic acid, that can conduct charge. Rain would alter the fabric's conductivity, causing dopants to shrink, pulling closed a garment's pores.

"We have produced conductive yarns and have woven them into fabric." says Frank Ко. materials engineering professor at Drexel University. But products are at least several years away. "The challenge now"'. Ко adds, "is to make the fabric stable enough to survive sweat and tough enough to survive the washing machine."

А Текст 14. Прочитайте рекламные материалы о промышленности, научно-исследовательских институтах и высших учебных заведениях Кореи. Сделайте резюмирующий перевод одной статьи и письменный перевод выделенных в ней предложений.



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