Vocabulary practice. 1. Match up the words that are similar in meaning.

1. Match up the words that are similar in meaning.

computation medium

bug scheme

to execute error, mistake

environment calculation

outline carry out

to launch instrument

tool to start (up)

2. Fill in the blanks choosing from the variants given.

1. Microsoft Visual Basic was one of the first programming languages to feature a visual development … .

a) medium b) environment c) tool

2. If program testing doesn’t produce the expected results, the program contains a (an) …, sometimes called a “...”.

a) mistake b) error c) problem d) bug

3. Program planning ... depends on the language and paradigm used to code a computer program.

a) instruments b) options c) tools

4. When the user … GUI application, the program interface appears on the screen and waits for the user to initiate an event by clicking a menu, dragging an object, or typing text.

a) starts up b) begins c) launches

5. A typical commercial program requires extensive planning, which includes detailed program … .

a) plans b) outlines c) schemes

6. Some runtime errors result from instructions that computer can’t ... .

a) execute b) make c) carry out

7. Programmers approach problems in different ways: while one programmer might focus on the steps to complete specific …, another programmer might focus on the data that forms the basis for the … .

a) tasks b) calculations c) computations

3. Make two-word combinations using the words in columns and then fill in the following sentences.

A: programming B: planning

problem error

runtime statement

structured manual

event driven

program paradigm

user English

1. Anyone who uses computers is familiar with program documentation in the form of ... and help files.

2 The process of coding a computer program depends on programming language you use, the programming tools you select, and the … that best fits the problem you are trying to solve.

3. The programming process begins with a … that helps you clearly define the purpose of a computer program.

4. Most GUI applications are …, which means that when launched, the program’s interface appears on the screen and waits for the user to initiate an event.

5. An assumption is something you accept as true in order to proceed with … .

6. There are different program planning tools, such as flowcharts, … pseudocode, UML diagrams, and decision tables.

7. … shows up when you run a program.

4. Fill in the gaps in the text.

Computer programmers focus on ___ computer programs, but also plan, test, and document computer programs. Before program code can be written, a programmer needs a clear problem ___, which includes a list of assumptions, a description of known information, and a specification for what constitutes a solution. With a clear plan, a programmer can begin coding using a generic text editor, a program editor, or a ___ development environment. A program is not complete until it has been tested to ensure that it contains no ___ errors or runtime errors. Programmers can use software called a ___ to step through a program. All computer programs should include internal documentation in the form of ___, which are explanatory comments inserted into a computer program along with lines of code.

Speaking. Discuss the following questions.

1. What is a problem statement?

2. What is an assumption?

3. Does the problem statement provide sufficient planning to begin coding?

4. How does a programmer code a computer program?

5. What is a text editor and a program editor?

6. What is a VDE?

7. How does a programmer know if a program works?

8. What can cause program errors?

9. How do programmers find errors?

10. Do computer programs contain any special documentation?

Text B

Pre-reading. Match the English words with their Russian equivalents.

1. sequence a) образец, шаблон

2. walkthrough b) последовательность

3. pattern, sample c) цикл, повтор

4. loop, iteration d) сквозной контроль

5. notational e) применять

6. implement f) цифровая запись

Reading. Read the text and try to guess the meaning of the words in bold. Check your variants in the dictionary.