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Effects of globalization
Globalization has various aspects which affect the world in several different ways such as:
1) Political- some use "globalization" to mean the creation of a world government, or cartels of governments (e.g. WTO, World Bank, and IMF) which regulate the relationships among governments and guarantees the rights arising from social and economic globalization.
Politically, the United States has enjoyed a position of power among the world powers; in part because of its strong and wealthy economy. With the influence of globalization and with the help of The United States’ own economy, the People's Republic of China has experienced some tremendous growth within the past decade.
If China continues to grow at the rate projected by the trends, then it is very likely that in the next twenty years, there will be a major reallocation of power among the world leaders. China will have enough wealth, industry, and technology to rival the United States for the position of leading world power.
1) Политический - некоторые используют понятие "глобализация", как создание мирового правительства или картели правительств (например, ВТО, Всемирный банк и МВФ), которые регулируют отношения среди правительств и гарантируют права, являющиеся результатом социально-экономической глобализации. С политической точки зрения Соединенные Штаты обладали властью среди мировых держав; частично из-за его сильной и богатой экономики. С влиянием глобализации и с помощью экономики Соединенных Штатов, экономика КНР испытала огромный рост в течение прошлого десятилетия. Если Китай будет продолжает расти с такой же скоростью,то вероятно что за следующие двадцать лет, будет перераспределение власти среди мировых лидеров. У Китая будет достаточно богатства, промышленности и технологии, чтобы конкурировать с Соединенными Штатами за положение ведущей мировой державы.
2) Legal/Ethical effects are connected with creationof the international criminal court and international justice movements. Crime importation and raising awareness of global crime-fighting efforts and cooperation.
3) Industrialeffect manifests itself in emergence of worldwide production markets and broader access to a range of foreign products for consumers and companies. Particularly movement of material and goods between and within national boundaries.
The lower cost of living in developing countries attracts businesses to set up factories and plants there, as well as on-line service centers because it allows them to save on salaries and some other expenditures. Even the glamorous Hollywood has also outsourced some of its creative processes to India.
This practice of moving production and service sector of the business to another country is called outsourcing. On the one hand a possibility to outsource parts of business, provided by globalization of industry, means new jobs for poorer countries. On the other hand the company that prefers to outsource some part of its business activities naturally deprives of jobs the people in their home country.
Besides the size of the salary that an employee has to agree to in a poorer country is much lower than the salary he would get if he were a citizen of a developed country. This is often considered as discrimination and violation of human rights. All this leads to strikes, and protests against globalization.
4) Financial – globalization of business led to emergence of worldwide financial markets and better access to external financing for borrowers. Simultaneous though not necessarily purely globalist is the emergence of under or un-regulated foreign exchange and speculative markets.
5) Economic – with erosion of economical borders we got a global common market, based on the freedom of exchange of goods and capital.
6) Competition- survival in the new global business market calls for improved productivity and increased competition. Due to the market became worldwide industries have to upgrade their products and use technology skillfully for facing the competition and increasing their competitiveness.
7) Technical – global communication requireddevelopment of a global telecommunications infrastructure and greater transborder data flow (межгосударственный информационный поток данных через границу государства), using such technologies as the Internet, communication satellites, fiber optic cable, and wireless telephones, which altogether also called for increase in the number of standards applied globally; e.g. copyright laws, patents and world trade agreements.
8) Informational - information flows between geographically remote locations increased. Arguably this is a technological change with the advent of fiber optic communications, satellites, and increased availability of telephony and Internet.
9) Language – globalization made English the language of world communication. About 75% of the world's mail, telexes, and cables are in English. Approximately 60% of the world's radio programs are in English. About 90% of all Internet traffic is using English.
10) Cultural– increased freedom of movement and international cooperation resulted in growth of cross-cultural contacts; advent of new categories of consciousness and identities which embodies cultural diffusion, the desire to increase one's standard of living and enjoy foreign products and ideas, adopt new technology and practices, and participate in a "world culture". Some people though point at the resulting consumerism and loss of languages, considered as a negative effect of globalization.
11) Social(International cultural exchange) - increased circulation by people of all nations with fewer restrictions.
Spreading of multiculturalism, and better individual access to cultural diversity (e.g. through the export of Hollywood and Bollywood movies). Some people consider such "imported" culture a danger, since it may supplant the local culture, causing reduction in diversity or even assimilation. Others consider multiculturalism to promote peace and understanding between peoples.
More people travel internationally.
Rates of immigration, including illegal immigration, grow.
Local consumer products (e.g. food) spread to other countries (often adapted to their culture).
Fads and pop culture such as Pokémon, Sudoku, Numa Numa, Origami, YouTube, Facebook, and MySpace win popularity all over the world. Though, since accessible to those who have Internet or Television, they leave out a substantial segment of the Earth's population.
Sporting events such as FIFA World Cup and the Olympic Games get world-wide status.
Multinational corporations get incorporated into new media. As the sponsors of the All-Blacks rugby team, Adidas had created a parallel website with a downloadable interactive rugby game for its fans to play and compete.
12) Ecological- the advent of global environmental challenges that might be solved with international cooperation, such as climate change, cross-boundary water (пограничные водные ресурсы) and air pollution, over-fishing (облов) of the ocean, and the spread of invasive species (распространение видов с агрессивным поведением), is also an effect of globalization.
Since many factories are built in developing countries with less environmental regulation, globalism (принцип взаимозависимости всех стран и народов мира) and free trade may increase pollution. On the other hand, economic development historically required a "dirty" industrial stage, and it is argued that developing countries should not, via regulation, be prohibited from increasing their standard of living.
Globalization has been one of the most debated topics in international economics over the past few years. Rapid growth and poverty reduction in China, India, and other countries that were poor 20 years ago, have been positive aspects of globalization. But globalization has also generated significant international opposition as it has increased inequality and environmental degradation.
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