Introduction

Министерство образования и науки российской федерации

Федеральное агентство по образованию

Южно-уральский государственный университет

Кафедра английского языка

Ш143.21-9

M994

Английский язык.

Учебное пособие для студентов

архитектурно-строительного факультета

Под редакцией Л.А. Семашко

Челябинск

Издательство ЮУрГУ

ББК Ш143.21-923

Молодцова В.Е. Английский язык: Учебное пособие для студентов архитектурно-строительного факультета / Под ред. Л.А. Семашко. — Челябинск, ЮУрГУ, 2005. — 60 с.

Учебное пособие предназначено для выработки навыков чтения и перевода английской технической литературы по специальности у студентов 2 курса архитектурно-строительного факультета всех форм обучения. Пособие содержит 10 тематических разделов, а также развернутую систему лексических и грамматических упражнений.

Одобрено учебно-методическим советом факультета лингвистики.

Рецензенты: М.Г. Федотова, И.Г. Рекунова.

© Издательство ЮУрГУ, 2005.

INTRODUCTION……………………...…………………………………………… 4

UNIT 1. Building Construction…………………………………………... 5

UNIT 2. ELEMENTS OF BUILDINGS…………………………………………… 9

UNIT 3. FOUNDATIONS………………………………………………………….. 18

UNIT 4. FLOORS…………………………………………………………………... 25

UNIT 5. BEAMS AND THEIR TYPES…………………………………………… 30

UNIT 6. SHELLS, TRUSSES AND SPACE FRAMES…………………………… 34

UNIT 7. Roofs……………………………………………………………………. 39

Unit 8. Towards Industrialized Construction…………………… 44

UNIT 9. PREFABRICATION……………………………………………………… 50

UNIT 10. assembly works and time-tabling…………………………. 54

references……………………………………………………………………… 60

introduction

The creation of the necessary environment for human existence, its character and comfortability determined by the level of social development, culture, scientific and technical achievements have always been the main purpose of construction.

The main branch of economic and social city development determines a significant increase in the volume of capital construction, since the housing is followed by the construction of public buildings, schools, cafes, beauty shops, dry-cleaning and so on.

The cutback’s of spending in footing and foundations in the total costs of the constructions can give a significant money and material saving. Nonetheless it is very important to make an attempt to decrease these expenditures without a decrease in house safety that is to avoid the unreliable and non-durable house construction, that can cause a partial or complete house destruction.

Monolithic reinforced concrete designs are widely used in mom construction engineering. The works connected with concrete are still cotton a lot of hard and time- taking processes. Lately have many technical designs appeared, that tend to decrease work time-taking and to increase the guilty of the monolithic constructions. Monolithic housing constructed of concrete give more expression to city districts and make it possible to reduce the construction costs for 10-15 percents.

The negative results of human activities caused the changes that have acquired global character and have made a threat for breaking the nature equilibrium. It can lead to the obstacles for future social development.

Buildings influence the environment greatly. Their appearance results in significant changes in the air, water and soil at the construction site. It leads to the appearance artificially planted trees instead of the natural plantings. The evaporation regime also changes. The average temperature at the construction site is higher in the comparison with other areas.

Ill-conceived technologies, organization and the work it self determine large energy and material spending and a high level of air, water and soil pollution. The process of construction is comparatively short. The interaction of bulging or constructions and the environment, its character and results are determined by a long-term operation. It brings the importance of this operation in terms of ecological characteristic of the construction, i.e. its influence on the ecological situation as a result of its long operation.

When designing new projects it is very important to take into account the ecological results of decision making. The ecological approach should determine the house planning, construction and operation.

So the future of our civilization is in our hands.

UNIT 1