times; 365 ×100

Dt

, (11.4.9)

ge ∆ t – cwpo› æonogi++e o6nirayicD.

Mowou+a upm6yw›oæicwa o6nirayiï c upocwoD xapa›wepmcwm›oD o6nirayiï. KopmcwyDumca wina›m ymu uo›as+m›ou, +e uow+a æm6pawm +au6inam eØe›wmæ+y gne i+æecwyæa++e saco6iæ o6nirayiD, oc›ina›m æ uowou+iu upm6yw›oæocwi +e s+aumno æiggsep›ane++e ye og+e gwepeno goxogy - sui+a æapwocwi o6nirayiï sa uepiog æonogi++e. Touy uo o6nirayiex s +ynaoæmu

›yuo+ou uowou+a upm6yw›oæicwa gopiæ+Dc +ynD, xoua goxig æo+m upm+ocewa y Øopui gmc›o+wy.

O6mgæa gwepena goxogy æig6mæaDwace æ uo›as+m›y cy›yu+oï upm6yw›oæocwi, e›a xapa›wepmsyc uoæ+mu goxig uo o6nirayiex, yo goæogmwace

+a ogm+myD æmwpaw +a uo›yu›y o6nirayiï. Mo›as+m› cy›yu+oï upm6yw›oæocwi

›yuo++oï o6nirayiï æms+auacwace uo Øopuyni

k + (S - B)

Y = ∑ ×100

t B × n

, (11.4.10)

ge n - ›ina›icwa po›iæ æonogi++e yi++mu uauepou.

Cy›yu+a upm6yw›oæicwa gmc›o+w+oï o6nirayiï æms+auacwace uo Øopuyni

Y = N - S × 365 ×100

t B t

. (11.4.11)

Æ›yo uepiog æonogi++e o6nirayicD ue+me a6o 6iname po›y, wo Øopuyna sui+Dc æmrneg a+anoriu+o s Øopuynaum, yo æm›opmcwoæyDwace gne pospaxy+›y cy›yu+oï upm6yw›oæocwi a›yiu.

Mpm yaouy +eo6xig+o æigs+aumwm, yo y pasi, ›onm i+æecwop pospaxoæyc wpmuawm o6nirayiD go ïï uorame++e, goxig æig sui+m æapwocwi o6nirayiï æms+auacwace e› pis+mye uiw +oui+ana+oD æapwicwD o6nirayiï i ïï pm+›oæoD yi+oD upmg6a++e. V æmuag›y e›yo i+æecwop upogac o6nirayiD go wepui+y uorame++e, wo goxig æig sui+m æapwocwi o6nirayiï æms+auacwace e› pis+mye uiw yi+oD upogawy i yi+oD uo›yu›m.

3agaua 26.

I+æecwop upmg6aæ o6nirayiD sa yi+oD 95 rp+. i upogaæ ïï uepes 60 g+iæ sa yi+oD 95 rp+. Bms+aumwm cy›yu+y upm6yw›oæicwa i+æecwopa. Pi› ææawawm - 360 g+e.

Posæ’esa++e: Mpm sacwocyæa++i upocworo æigcow›a:

Y = S - B × 360 = 95 - 85 × 360 = 0,706

c B t

85 60

, u 70,6%

EØe›wmæ+a upm6yw›oæicwa o6nirayiu pospaxoæycwace uo Øopuyni:

YtØ

 S 

 B 

365 / t

- 1

, (11.4.12)

ge t - ›ina›icwa g+iæ æig g+e upogawy o6nirayiï go ïï uorame++e.

3agaua 27.

Bms+aumwm +oui+ana+y cwaæ›y upm6yw›oæocwi OB¶M, +oui+anou 100 rp+., yo upmg6a+a sa 30 g+iæ go uorame++e sa yi+oD 95 rpmæe+a. Kane+gap+mu pi› ææawawm piæ+mu 365 g+eu.

Posæ’esa++e:

YtØ

=  100

365 / 30







- 1 = 622 .3% .



5agaui gne camocwiu+oro potæ’eta++e:

1. ]i++mu uauip upmg6a+mu sa 15000 rp+. i upoga+o uepes 3 uiceyi sa

19000 rp+. Bms+aumwe cy›yu+y upm6yw›oæicwa ouepayiï.

2. O6nirayie ›yune+a s gmc›o+wou sa yi+oD 90% æig +oui+ana+oï æapwocwi. Houi+ana+a yi+a o6nirayiï 1000 rp+. Tepui+ uorame++e 90 g+iæ. Bms+aumwe cy›yu+y upm6yw›oæicwa ouepayiï.

3. Pospaxyæawm uowou+y upm6yw›oæicwa ›yuo++oï o6nirayiï

+oui+ana+oD æapwicwD 40 rp+., ›yuo++a cwaæ›a – 9%, wepui+ uorame++e 3

po›m; yi+a uo›yu›m – 29 rp+. Bmunawa % upoæogmwace 1 pas y pi›.

4. Oyi+mwm o6nirayiD +oui+ana+oD æapwicwD 1000 rp+., e›yo

›yuo++a cwaæ›a 22%, uowou+a pm+›oæa cwaæ›a – 19%, o6nirayie upmg6a+a sa 3

po›m go uorame++e.

5. Oyi+mwm ›yuo++y o6nirayiD +oui+ana+oD æapwicwD 5000 rp+.,

›yuo++a cwaæ›a 10%, uowou+a pm+›oæa cwaæ›a – 14 %. ¶o uorame++e o6nirayiï sanmmmnoce 3 po›m, a æigcow›m æmunauyDwace 2 pasm +a pi›.

6. Oyi+mwm gmc›o+w+y o6nirayiD +oui+anou 1000 rp+., e›yo uowou+a pm+›oæa cwaæ›a 20% wepui+ go uorame++e 5 po›iæ.

7. Bms+aumwm uowou+y upm6yw›oæicwa gmc›o+w+oï o6nirayiï, e›yo ïï

+oui+ana+a yi+a 90 rp+., upmg6a+a sa yi+oD 60 rp+. ¶o uorame++e sanmmmnoce

3 uiceyi.

8. I+æecwopm A m b upmg6anm og+a›oæi ]M sa yi+oD 55 rp+., uowiu i+æecwop A upogaæ ]M uepes 60 g+iæ sa yi+oD 65 rp+., a i+æecwop b uepes 90 g+iæ sa yi+oD 90 rp+. 8i+a+coæmu pi› gopiæ+Dc 360 g+iæ. Bms+aumwm e›mu i+æecwop ogepwaæ 6inamy cy›yu+y upm6yw›oæicwa sa uepiog.

9. Bms+aumwm uowou+y wa cy›yu+y upm6yw›oæicwa gmc›o+w+oï o6nirayiï, e›yo ïï +oui+an 50 rp+., go uorame++e sanmmmnoce 3 uiceyi, wepui+ uorame++e 2 po›m. O6nirayie upmg6a+a sa yi+oD 40 rp+.

10.I+æecwop A upmg6aæ o6nirayiD sa yi+oD 55 rp+. i uepes 35 g+iæ peanisyæaæ ïï i+æecwopy b sa yi+oD 64 rp+. I+æecwop b upogaæ o6nirayiD uepes

60 g+iæ. Bms+aumwm sa e›oD yi+oD i+æecwop b upogaæ o6nirayiD, e›yo

upm6yw›oæicwa is sacwocyæa++eu upocwmx % æ o6ox i+æecwopiæ og+a›oæa

(Øi+a+coæmu pi› gopiæ+Dc 365 g+iæ).

11.Oyi+mwm æapwicwa o6nirayiï +oui+ana+oD æapwicwD 1000 rp+., e›yo

›yuo++a cwaæ›a 24%, pm+›oæa cwaæ›a – 20%, o6nirayie upmg6a+a:

a) sa 4 po›m go uorame++e;

6) sa 4 po›m go uorame++e i æigcowo› æmunauycwace 4 pasm +a pi›.

12.Oyi+mwm gmc›o+w+y o6nirayiD +oui+anou 1000 rp+., e›yo uowou+a pm+›oæa cwaæ›a 23%.

a) wepui+ go uorame++e 5 po›iæ;

6) wepui+ go uorame++e 3 po›m.

13.I+æecwop uac +auip upmg6awm o6nirayiD +oui+ana+oD æapwicwD 100 rp+., yo uoramacwace uepes pi› s upoye+w+mu goxogou æ 9 %. Bms+aumwe, sa e›oD yi+oD æi+ uorogmwace ›yumwm o6nirayiD, e›yo æigouo, yo upm6yw›oæicwa æig i+mmx æ›nage+a c›nagac 12 %.

14.I+æecwop upmg6aæ o6nirayiD ›ouua+iï A s piu+oD ›yuo++oD cwaæ›oD

20% i +oui+ana+oD æapwicwD 300 rp+. sa pm+›oæoD yi+oD, yo gopiæ+Dc

+oui+any. Pi› uowouy æi+ upmg6aæ o6nirayiD yicï w ›ouua+iï s piu+oD

›yuo++oD cwaæ›oD 15% i wicD w +oui+ana+oD æapwicwD. Bms+aumwe, sa e›oD yi+oD æi+ upmg6aæ gpyry o6nirayiD, e›yo æigouo, yo o6mgæi o6nirayiï æ uepmmu pi› upm+ecnm uouy og+a›oæy cy›yu+y upm6yw›oæicwa.

15.I+æecwop upmg6aæ 13 o6nirayiu +oui+ana+oD æapwicwD 500 rp+. i wepui+ou o6iry pi› sa yi+oD 495 rp+. sa 1 o6nirayiD. Bms+aumwe cy›yu+y upm6yw›oæicwa i+æecwopa, e›yo æigouo, yo æi+ æonogiwmue +mum go uorame++e, a uo o6nirayiex æcwa+oæne+o upoye+w+mu goxig y posuipi 7% piu+mx.

16.I+æecwop upmg6aæ 25 o6nirayiu +oui+ana+oD æapwicwD 300 rp+. i wepui+ou o6iry pi› sa yi+oD 274 rp+. sa 1 o6nirayiD. Bms+aumwe cy›yu+y upm6yw›oæicwa o6nirayiu, e›yo æigouo, yo uo o6nirayiex æcwa+oæne+o upoye+w+mu goxig y posuipi 10% piu+mx, oui›yæa+mu piæe+a i+Øneyiï c›nagac 19%

17.I+æecwop upmg6aæ o6nirayiD ›ouua+iï A s piu+oD ›yuo++oD cwaæ›oD

17% i +oui+ana+oD æapwicwD 300 rp+. sa pm+›oæoD yi+oD, yo gopiæ+Dc

+oui+any. Pi› wouy æi+ upmg6aæ o6nirayiD yicï w ›ouua+iï s piu+oD ›yuo++oD cwaæ›oD 20% i wicD w +oui+ana+oD æapwicwD. Bms+aumwe, sa e›oD yi+oD æi+ upmg6aæ uepmy o6nirayiD, e›yo æigouo, yo o6mgæi o6nirayiï æ uepmmu pi› upm+ecnm uouy og+a›oæy cy›yu+y upm6yw›oæicwa.

18.Kouua+ie æmuycwmna o6nirayiï +oui+ana+oD æapwicwD 1000 rp+., wepui+ou sæep+e++e 7 po›iæ i ›yuo++oD cwaæ›oD 10% piu+mx s +apaxyæa++eu

% ›ow+i 6 uiceyiæ. Bms+aumwe æapwicwa o6nirayiu ga+oï ›ouua+iï, e›yo æigouo, yo uogi6+i o6nirayiï i+mmx ›ouua+iu upm+ocewa goxig æ 7% piu+mx.

19.Ha pm+›y sæepwacwace o6nirayie +oui+ana+oD æapwicwD 1000 rp+. wepui+ou sæep+e++e 3 po›y i yo›æapwana+mu ›yuo++mu goxogou piæ+mu 15%. Bms+aumwe æapwicwa o6nirayiï, e›yo i+æecwop pospaxoæyc +a goxig æ 12%.

20.Kouua+ie s6mpacwace æmuycwmwm u'ewmpiu+i o6nirayiï +oui+ana+oD æapwicwD 1000 rp+. i yopiu+oD ›yuo++oD cwaæ›oD, piæ+oD 12%. Bms+aumwe, sa e›oD yi+oD upogaæawmuywace o6nirayiï, e›yo æigouo, yo i+æecwopm pospaxoæyDwa +a owpmua++e goxogy æig o6nirayiu y posuipi 15%.

21.Bam 6po›ep saupouo+yæaæ æau wpmpiu+y o6nirayiD +oui+ana+oD æapwicwD 500 rp+. s yopiu+mu ›yuo++mu goxogou æ 20 rp+. Bms+aumwe ua›cmuana+y yi+y, e›y æm cunawmwe sa o6nirayiD, e›yo upm6yw›oæicwa, e›y æm xouewe owpmuawm uo ga+iu o6nirayiï upm ga+ouy piæ+i pmsm›y, c›nagac 15% piu+mx.

22.Bam 6po›ep saupouo+yæaæ æau upmg6awm +acwyu+i o6nirayiï piæ+oD

+oui+ana+oD æapwicwD (1000 rp+.):

o6nirayie A s wepui+ou uorame++e 3 po›m, yopiu+oD ›yuo++oD cwaæ›oD 10% piu+mx sa yi+oD, piæ+oD +oui+any;

o6nirayie b s wepui+ou uorame++e 2 po›m, yo›æapwana+oD ›yuo++oD cwaæ›oD 3% sa yi+oD 1100rp+;

o6nirayie B s wepui+ou uorame++e 1 pi› sa yi+oD 990 rp+.

Bms+aumwe, e›a o6nirayie sa6esueumwa æau +au6inammu goxig æ uepmmu

pi›.

23.Houi+ana+a yi+a o6nirayiï 200 rp+., ›o+æepciu+a yi+a 20 rp+.

Bms+aumwm, e›y ›ina›icwa a›yiu uowe upmg6awm i+æecwop y pesynawawi

›o+æepciï.

24.Ko+æepwoæa+a o6nirayie +oui+ana+oD æapwicwD 1500 rp+. æmuyc›acwace +a wpm po›m. Mpowerou uepmmx gæox po›iæ ›o+æepciu+a yi+a c›nana 150 rp+., upowerou wpewaoro po›y – 300 rp+. Bms+aumwm, e›y ›ina›icwa a›yiu uowe upmg6awm i+æecwop y pesynawawi ›o+æepciï sa wpm po›m.

25.Houi+ana+a æapwicwa o6nirayiï 1000 rp+., ›o+æepciu+a yi+a 150 rp+. Bms+aumwm uownmæi giï i+æecwopa u euiwe+wa æ pesynawawi ›o+æepciï o6nirayiï æ wa›mx cmwyayiex:

a) i+æecwop ounauyc gogaw›oæi a›yiï +aeæ+mum;

6) i+æecwop ywpauac +eæm›opmcwa+mu sanmmo› +oui+any;

æ) euiwe+w æmunauyc i+æecwopy +eæm›opmcwa+mu sanmmo› +aeæ+mum.

11.5.A+anit eøeıwuæ+ocwi uoxig+ux yi++ux uauepiæ

Cæiwoæa e›o+ouiu+a +ay›a +e gac wou+oro uo+ewwe uoxig+mx yi++mx uauepiæ. V +ausarana+imouy æms+aue++i go uoxig+mx yi++mx uauepiæ æig+ocewace 6yga-e›i yi++i uauepm, yi+a e›mx æ+ywpim+ao sanewmwa æig yi+m 6asoæoro a›wmæy, e›mu newmwa æ ïx oc+oæi.

]i++i uauepm ga+oro æmrnegy +e uowywa ic+yæawm sa æigcyw+ocwi 6asoæoro i+cwpyue+wy, 6inam woro, e›yo s e›oï-+e6yga upmum+m upmum+mwace wopriæne 6asoæmu i+cwpyue+wou, upmum+mwace i sæep+e++e uoxig+e.

Moxig+i yi++i uauepm (gepmæawm), wo6wo yi++i uauepm, yo cwæopDDwace caumu pm+›ou gne cupoye++e sgiuc+e++e ouepayiu, æ›nDuaDwa ouyio+m, Ø'Duepcm, æappa+wm, upmæawmsayiu+i ue›m, geuosmwap+i posumc›m i i+mi.

Moxig+i yi++i uauepm æig+ocewa go æwopm++mx yi++mx uauepiæ, wo6wo yi++mu uauepau +a caui yi++i uauepm. Bapwicwa uoxig+mx yi++mx uauepiæ sanewmwa æig æapwocwi 6asmc+mx Øi+a+coæmx i+cwpyue+wiæ. Pospis+eDwa

Øi+a+coæi gepmæawm uepmoro piæ+e i uoganammx piæ+iæ. ¶o Øi+a+coæmx gepmæawmæiæ uepmoro piæ+e æig+ocewace caui uoxig+i yi++i uauepm, wo6wo ouyio+m, Ø'Duepcm i i+mi. 8i+a+coæi gepmæawm gpyroro piæ+e c uoxig+mu yi++mu uauepou +a uoxig+mu yi++mu uauip: ouyio+ +a Ø'Duepc i i+.

Moxig+i yi++i uauepm c 6esgo›yue+w+oD ØopuoD æmpasy uau+oæmx upaæ a6o so6oæ'esa+a, yo æm+m›aDwa upm sui+i yi+m 6asoæoro a›wmæy.

Moxig+i yi++i uauepm upms+aue+i gne cwpaxyæa++e pmsm›y, a wa›ow gne owpmua++e upm6ynm mnexou ›yuiæni-upogawy.

Ouyio+ - yi++mu uauip, yo gac ïï ænac+m›oæi upaæo +a upmg6a++e upowerou ueæ+oro wepui+y e›oro-+e6yga Øi+a+coæoro a›wmæy sa Øi›coæa+oD yi+oD.

Pospis+eDwa ouyio+ +a uo›yu›y (call ouyio+), ouyio+ +a upogaw, (Put

ouyio+) i uogæiu+mu ouyio+ (cwenaw).

Mpm call ouyio+i ænac+m› ouyio+y uac upaæo (ane +e so6oæ'esa+mu)

›yumwm yi++mu uauip uo æcwa+oæne+ouy ›ypcy.

Mpm Put ouyio+i - æiguoæig+o upogawm ïï. Mo›yu›a a6o upogaw ouyio+y sgiuc+Dcwace sa rpomoæy upeuiD. Big ouyio+y uow+a æiguoæmwmce, cunawmæmm upeuiD.

Mogæiu+mu ouyio+ +agac ænac+m›oæi upaæo a6o ›yumwm, a6o upogawm a›yiï sa æcwa+oæne+oD yi+oD (ane +e ›yumwm i upogawm og+ouac+o).

3anew+o æig wepui+y æm›o+a+a pospis+eDwa auepm›a+ca›mu i cæpoueuca›mu æapia+wm ouyio+iæ. Mpm auepm›a+ca›ouy æapia+wi ouyio+y uowe 6ywm peanisoæa+mu æ 6yga-e›mu ge+a upowerou wepui+y ouyio+y, cæpoueuca›ouy - y Øi›coæa+mu ge+a upowerou wepui+y ouyio+y.

Bapwicwa ouyio+y (upeuie) æ›nDuac æ+ywpim+D i soæ+im+D æapwocwi. B+ywpim+e æapwicwa ouyio+y c goxogou, e›mu owpmuaæ 6m uo›yueya ouyio+y, e›6m peanisyæaæ ouyio+ æ ga+mu uoue+w. 3oæ+im+e æapwicwa ouyio+y æpaxoæyc pmsm› sgiuc+e++e ouepayiï i sanewmwa æig wepui+y æm›o+a++e ouyio+y.

Mpm æms+aue++e yi+m ouyio+y æigoui +acwyu+i uapauewpm: gawa pospaxy+›y sa ›o+wpa›wou;

wepui+ ›o+wpa›wy;

yi+a æm›o+a++e ouyio+y;

+aupeu ouepayiï (uo›yu›a a6o upogaw);

wmu ouyio+y (cæpoueuca›mu a6o auepm›a+ca›mu); yi+a 6asoæoro a›wmæy;

+opua pm+›oæoro goxogy (a6o upm6yw›oæicwa 6espmsm›oæmx gepwaæ+mx yi++mx uauepiæ).

Mpm yaouy go +eæigoumx uapauewpiæ uow+a æig+ecwm: upm6yw›oæicwa 6asoæoro a›wmæy;

upor+osoæa+i s+aue++e yi+m i upm6yw›oæocwi a›wmæy i i+.

Mpm sgiuc+e++i ouepayiu s ouyio+ou pmsm›yc a6o uo›yueya a6o upogaæeya ouyio+y, æenmum+a pmsm›y o6uewe+a yi+oD ouyio+y.

Oc+oæ+i 6ipwoæi cwpaweriï uo ouyiu+mx ›o+wpa›wax - ye cwpaxyæa++e (a6o xegwyæa++e) i cue›yneyiï.

Cue›yne+wm +auuacwime ›yuyDwa ouyio+ s uewoD owpmua++e upm6ynm sa paxy+o› pis+myi uiw yi+oD-cwpau› i yi+oD-cuow +a 6asoæmu a›wmæ a6o w mnexou sa›pmwwe cæocï uosmyiï sa ›payoD yi+oD æ uopiæ+e++i s uouaw›oæoD.

Xegwepm, +a6yæaDum ouyiu+oro ›o+wpa›wy, upar+ywa sauo6irwm

+e6awa+iu sui+i yi+m +a cuowoæouy pm+›y uo 6asoæouy a›wmæy, e›mu y +mx c a6o e›mu æo+m 6awaDwa upmg6awm æ uau6yw+aouy.

Bm›opmcwa++e ouyio+iæ gne cwpaxyæa++e pmco› i cue›yneyiï, uoæ'esa+i is sui+oD yi+m +a 6asoæmu a›wmæ cxeu+mu uow+a so6pasmwm +a uanD+›y (pmc. 6.1), æmginmæmm so+m upm6ynm (a6o æmrpam+iu uosmyiï) i s6mw›y gne ywpmuyæaua i euiwe+wa ouyio+y.

Puc. 11.5.1.Buıopucwa++e ouyio+iæ gne cwpaxyæa++e putuıiæ i cueıyneyiï

A - yi+a cwpau›.

[A, B1] i [A, B2] - æenmum+a upeuiï ouyio+y.

B1 i B2 - wou›m 6ess6mw›oæoï.

[B1,ø2] - so+a s6mw›y gne ywpmuyæaua ouyio+y put i call.

[0,B1] i [B2,µ ] - so+m upm6yw›y gne ywpmuyæaua ouyio+y put i call.

3agaua 28.

Xau i+æecwop ›yuyc 1 a›yiD ›ouua+iï X sa yi+oD-cuow 200 gon. 3a yi w rpomi, wo6wo sa upeuiD 2 gon. sa a›yiD uow+a upmg6awm +a ouyio++ouy pm+›y

›o+wpa›w-call wpmæanicwD 1 uiceya +a uo›yu›y 100 a›yiu ›ouua+iï X sa yi+oD- cwpau› 210 gon.

Posæ’esa++e:

Mpmuycwmuo, yo ›ypc a›yiu æmpic upowerou gecewm g+iæ +a 20 gon. Æ›yo ywpmuyæau ouyio+y c›opmcwacwace y yeu uoue+w cæoïu upaæou, æi+ uowe uepeupogyæawm yi 100 a›yiu s goxogou

220 - 210 = 10 6on. ta 1omny a1çiα.

3aranou saupayDæaæmm

10 ·100 = 1000 6on.

1000 -200 = 900 6on. - npu6ymo1.

Peana+o +a upa›wmyi ye cyua 6yge wpoxm +mwua sa paxy+o› cunawm

›ouiciu+mx 6po›epau, æigcow›a sa +aga+mu ›auiwan +a upmg6a++e a›yiu uo ouyio+y i i+. +a›nag+mx æmwpaw.

Mopiæ+e+o s uo›yu›oD ouyio+y uo›yu›a og+icï a›yiï upm+ecna 6 i+æecwopoæi goxig

220 - 200 = 20 6on.

To6wo æ oumca+ouy æmuag›y æganmu ouyio+ æmeænecwace upm6nms+o æ 40 pasiæ 6inam upm6yw›oæmu, a ›oeØiyic+w Øi+a+coæoro æawene c›nagac 40 go 1. 3 i+moro 6o›y, upm +e spocwa++i ›ypcy a›yiï (a6o spocwa++i, yo +e uepeæmyyc 210 gon.) rpomi, æmwpaue+i +a upmg6a++e ouyio+y, æmeæmnmce 6 æwpaue+mum, wogi e› a›yie s6eperna 6 ïx ænac+m›oæi.

Ta›mu um+ou, ouyio+ - ye æmco›opmsm›oæi æ›nage++e i æig+ome++e pmc›m go goxogy y ouyio+iæ +agsæmuau+o æenm›e.

Bappa+w - goærocwpo›oæmu ouyio+, yo gac upaæo ïï ænac+m›oæi upmg6awm

a›yiï ga+oro euiwe+wa upowerou ueæ+oro uacy uo sasganeriga æcwa+oæne+ouy

›ypcy. Æ› upaæmno, æappa+wm posuiyyDwace cuina+o s o6nirayieum.

8'Duepc - ye wepui+oæmu ›o+wpa›w, yo gosæonec ›yumwm a6o upogawm yi++mu uauip sa æcwa+oæne+oD yi+oD æ ueæ+mu wepui+. Ko+wpa›w cwac yi++mu uauepou, upmuouy gywe ni›æig+oD, ïu saæwgm uow+a wopryæawm.

Biguoæigana+icwa sa æm›o+a++e Ø'Duepc+oro ›o+wpa›wy +ece pospaxy+›oæa uanawa 6ipwi. Mpmuouy, upowerou ueæ+oro wepui+y uow+a saui+mwm cæoD uosmyiD s uo›yuye +a upogaæye i +aæua›m.

Bm›o+a++e Ø'Duepcy uownmæe y æmrnegi:

æm›o+a+a, wo6wo Øismu+oro uocwaua++e yi++mx uauepiæ; upoæege++e sæopow+oï ouepayiï.

Bmc+oæo› Ø'Duepc+mx ›o+wpa›wiæ æ oc+oæ+ouy uonerac +e gne uocwaua++e a›wmæiæ (ææawacwace, yo uocwaua++eu a›wmæy saæepmycwace wina›m 10% æcix Ø'Duepc+mx ›o+wpa›wiæ), a gne cwpaxyæa++e yuac+m›iæ ouepayiï.

BmgineDwa Ø'Duepc+i ›o+wpa›wm +a:

›opow›ocwpo›oæi upoye+w+i i+cwpyue+wm; goærocwpo›oæi yi++i uauepm;

6ipwoæi i+ge›cm.

Mpm6yw›oæicwa ›opow›ocwpo›oæoro upoye+w+oro Ø'Duepcy sanewmwa æig upm6yw›oæocwi yi++oro uauepy. Mpm yaouy, umu æmye upm6yw›oæicwa yi++oro uauepy, wmu +mwue yi+a Ø'Duepcy:

i = 100 - i6, (11.5.1)

ge i - upm6yw›oæicwa Ø'Duepcy;

i6 - upm6yw›oæicwa 6asoæoro a›wmæy.

8'Duepc+mu ›o+wpa›wau ænacwmæmu cmuewpmu+mu pmsm›, wo6wo æ ga+ouy æmuag›y og+ouac+o pmsm›yDwa i uo›yueya i upogaæeya.

8'Duepcou c cwa+gapw+mu 6ipwoæmu ›o+wpa›w, uo e›ouy og+a cwopo+a, yo y›nagac uoro, 6epe +a ce6e so6oæ'esa++e upogawm i+miu cwopo+i (a6o

›yumwm y +eï) ueæ+mu 6ipwoæmu a›wmæ æ ueæ+mu uoue+w uacy æ uau6yw+aouy sa sasganeriga o6yuoæne+oD yi+oD, æcwa+oæne+oï cwopo+aum ouepayiï y uoue+w ïï

æmc+oæ›y.

Æ› æmg+o s æms+aue++e, wex+iu+i Ø'Duepcm uowywa sæepwawmce wina›m +a 6ipwax. E›æiæane+w+i uosa6ipwoæi i+cwpyue+wm +asmæaDwace Øopæapgaum, e›i

+a æigui+y æig Ø'Duepciæ +e uaDwa rapa+wiï y æmrnegi pospaxy+›oæo-

›nipm+roæoï uanawm 6ipwi, wouy +e c ni›æig+mum uauepaum i +e uaDwa cwa+gapw+oï Øopum. binam woro, e›yo upmg6a+mu +a 6ipwi ›o+wpa›w Øismu+o

+euownmæo sa›pmwm upogaweu +a 6ipwi a6o peana+mu uocwaua++eu 6ipwoæoro a›wmæy s uauga+um›a, o6yuoæne+oD 6ipweD, wo ye, cwporo ›awyum, 6yge 6ipwoæmu Øopæapg+mu, a +e Ø'Duepc+mu ›o+wpa›w.

3agaua 29.

Mpmuycwmuo, yo uowou+a yi+a ume+myi +a pm+›y c›nagac 1000 gon. sa wo+y. ¶a+a yi+a peana+o æigo6pawac æmwpawm æmpo6+m›a-Øepuepa s ypaxyæa++eu uoro oui›yæa+oï cepeg+aoï upm6yw›oæocwi i piæ+e pe+wa6ena+ocwi. 8epuep upar+e sacwpaxyæawm uau6yw+iu ypowau æmxogeum s caorog+im+ix yuoæ, wouy Ø'Duepc+a yi+a 6asoæoro a›wmæy uepes wpm uiceyi uoæm++a c›nacwm yi+y, e›a 6 æigo6pawana æapwicwa 6asoæoro a›wmæy, æmwpawm +a Øi+a+cyæa++e, a wa›ow s6epira++e, cwpaxoæ›y i wpa+cuopwyæa++e ume+myi.

Bmwpawm +a Øi+a+cyæa++e uoæ'esa+i s um++m›ou wmuuacoæoï

+epiæ+oyi++ocwi rpomeu, oc›ina›m 1000 gon. caorog+i cwoewa geyo 6iname,

+iw e›muca uac ouicne (y +amouy upm›nagi uepes 3 uiceyi), wouy +eo6xig+o æpaxyæawm anawep+awmæ+mu æapia+w æ›nage++e ymx saco6iæ. Æ› upaæmno, e› 6espmsm›oæa anawep+awmæa posrnegaDwa 6a+›iæca›mu geuosmw.

I+mmum cnoæaum, 1000 6on., posuiye+i +a 3 uiceyi æ 6a+› uig, 10%

piu+mx gagywa go ›i+ye wepui+y ïx ænac+m›oæi goxig æ posuipi:

3 × 10% ×1000 _ 6on. = 25 _ 6on. 12 100%

]D cyuy +eo6xig+o æpaxoæyæawm upm pospaxy+›y Ø'Duepc+oï yi+m. Kpiu woro, +eo6xig+o æpaxyæawm æmwpawm, uoæ'esa+i is s6epira++eu ga+oro a›wmæy upowerou 3 uiceyiæ (ounawa c›nagca›oro upmuiye++e, cwpaxoæ›a, oxopo+a, wpa+cuopwyæa++e i wa› gani). Bms+aumæmm yD cyuy y posuipi, c›awiuo, 4% yi+

(10 6on.), um owpmuacuo sarana+y cupaæegnmæy yi+y Ø'Duepcy +a ga+mu 6asoæmu a›wmæ:

1000 6on. + 25 6on. + 10 6on. = 1035 6on.

]e yi+a uoæ+oD uipoD ænamwoæyc Øepuepa i, 6awaDum sacwpaxyæawmce æig uownmæoro uagi++e yi+ +mwue ga+oro piæ+e, æi+ +a6yæac Ø'Duepc+oro

›o+wpa›wy sa ymum yi+oæmum yuoæaum y cæoro ›o+wpare+wa - cuowmæaua yicï upogy›yiï - 6opom+ouena+oï Øa6pm›m. Ocwa++iu sayi›aæne+mu æ yæ'es+e++i ga+oro Ø'Duepcy æmxogeum s wmx uip›yæa+a, yo sapas 6asoæmu a›wmæ sa yi+oD 1000 6on. uouy +e uowpi6+mu, wouy æi+ rowoæmu cunawmwm 35 6on. sa raga+i ouepayiu+i æmwpawm æmpo6+m›a i, ›piu woro, 6awaDum sacwpaxyæawmce æig yin›ou uownmæoro is uoro wou›m sopy uigæmye++e ›ypcy a›wmæy.

8'Duepc+i ›o+wpa›wm “uepeoyi+DDwace uo pm+›y” yog+e sa gououoroD æapiayiu+oï uapwi, e›a æ+ocmwace og+icD is cwopi+ +a ›opmcwa i+moï cwopo+m æ pesynawawi sui+m yi+m +a Ø'Duepc. Ta›mu um+ou, æapiayiu+a uapwa - ye æmrpam a6o uporpam yuac+m›iæ Ø'Duepc+oï ouepayiï.

Pis+i æmgm æapiayiu+oï uapwi sa uigcyu›aum woproæoï ceciï uowywa 6ywm pospaxoæa+i uo +acwyu+mx Øopuyni:

V = Cm - 5, ge (11.5.2)

V - æapiayiu+a uapwa uo uosmyiex, æig›pmwmx æ xogi woproæoï ceciï; Cm - æapwicwa ›o+wpa›wy sa ›owmpyæana+oD yi+oD ga+oï woproæoï ceciï; 5 - æapwicwa ›o+wpa›wy +a uoue+w æig›pmwwe uosmyiï.

Mpmuycwmuo, yo æ +amouy upm›nagi Cm c›nage 1000 6on., wo6wo yi+a Ø'Duepcy æuage, wogi

V = 1000 6on. – 1035 6on. = - 35 6on.,

wo6wo æapiayiu+a uapwa 6yge cunaue+a uo›yuyeu Ø'Duepcy +a ›opmcwa upogaæye.

B pesynawawi uepeoyi+›m Ø'Duepc+oro ›o+wpa›wy æ ga+iu woproæiu ceciï upogaæeya Ø'Duepcy uowe «upmg6awm» uoro sa 1000 6on. i upogawm sa yi+oD y›nage++e ›o+wpa›wy 1035 6on., wa›mu um+ou, æi+ owpmuac æmrpam +356on., a uoro ›o+wpare+w - uo›yueya Ø'Duepcy - uporpam - 356on.

Bm = Cm - Cn, ge (11.5.3)

Bm - æapiayiu+a uapwa uo uosmyiex yo sanmmmæce æig›pmwmum æ xogi woproæoï ceciï;

Cn - æapwicwa ›o+wpa›wy sa ›owmpyæana+oD yi+oD uouepeg+aoï woproæoï

ceciï.

Mpmuycwmuo, yo æ +amouy upm›nagi Cm c›nage 1020 6on., wo6wo yi+a

Ø'Duepcy æ uopiæ+e++i s uouepeg+aoD woproæoD cecicD spocwe, wogi:

Bm = 1020 - 1000 = 20 6on.

wo6wo æapiayiu+a uapwa 6yge cunaue+a upogaæyeu Ø'Duepcy +a ›opmcwa uo›yuye. Oc›ina›m æapwicwa ›o+wpa›wy +a uouawo› woproæoï ceciï c›nagana 1000 6on., a sa ›owmpyæana+oD yi+oD 1020 6on., wo æ yaouy æmuag›y upogaæeya "uporpac" - 206on., oc›ina›m æmuyme+mu "æm›o+awm" ›o+wpa›w sa yi+oD +mwue

›owmpyæana+oD.

B3 = C3 - Cn, ge (11.5.4)

B3 - æapiayiu+a uapwa uo uosmyiex, sa›pmwmx æ xogi woproæoï ceciï mnexou y›nage++e ›o+wpa›wy s upowmnew+oï uosmyiï (a6o uocwaua++eu a›wmæy æ ge+a sa›i+ue++e wepui+y giï Ø'Duepcy).

C3 - æapwicwa ›o+wpa›wy, yæ'es+e+oro s upowmnew+oï uosmyiï a6o +a uoue+w uocwaua++e 6ipwoæoro a›wmæy.

Ta›mu um+ou, sa uigcyu›aum gæox woproæmx ceciu uacuo sarana+y uosmyiD uo›yuye i upogaæye, upegcwaæne+y æ wa6n. 11.1.

Ta6nuçe 11.1

MotuyiD uoıyuye i upogaæye ta uigcymıamu gæox woproæux ceciu

BanDw+mu Ø'Duepcou c ›o+wpa›w +a uau6yw+iu o6ui+ og+icï æanDwm +a

i+my uo sasganeriga æms+aue+ouy ›ypcy, a owwe, ic+yc uownmæicwa owpmua++e goxogy uo o6ox i+cwpyue+wax +aeæ+oro a›wmæy.

3agaua 30.

Xau ›ypc py6ne uo æig+ome++D go gonapa CHA c›nagac 6000 go 1, upoye+w+a cwaæ›a uo py6neæmx æ+ec›ax - 20% piu+mx, a æigcow›m uo æanDw+mx æ+ec›ax æ gonapax CHA - 10% piu+mx, wogi cupaæegnmæa Ø'Duepc+a yi+a uo wpmuiceu+ouy ›o+wpa›wy c›nage:

1 + 0,2 × 3

6000 × 12

1 + 0,1× 3

= 6146,34

spn.

Ta›mu um+ou, cupaæegnmæa Ø'Duepc+a yi+a uo wpmuiceu+ouy ›o+wpa›wy c›nage 6 146,34 rp+. sa 1 gon.

Moxig+mu yi++mu uauip +asmæacwace æappa+wou, e›yo æi+ sacæiguyc upaæo uoro ywpmuyæaua +a uo›yu›y yi++mx uauepiæ, yo æmuyc›aDwace euiwe+wou sa æcwa+oæne+oD yi+oD (“yi+i uigumc›m”), æ ueæ+i wepui+m go gawm e›cuipayiï a6o æ yD gawy.

basoæmum a›wmæaum æappa+wa uowywa 6ywm a›yiï i o6nirayiï, upm yaouy euiwe+wou æappa+wiæ uoæm+e+ 6ywm euiwe+w 6asoæmx yi++mx uauepiæ. Bappa+wm wex+iu+o æmuyc›aDwace euiwe+wou sa yuoæm gocwaw+ocwi posuiye+oro go æmuyc›y ›auiwany gne sa6esueue++e uau6yw+aoï euiciï 6asoæmx yi++mx uauepiæ. V yaouy uonerac oc+oæ+a pis+mye uiw ouyio+aum i æappa+waum, oc›ina›m uepmi euiwyDwace æmxogeum s æmpime++e cwopi+ ouyio++oï ouepayiï.

He gmæneumca +a yeu Øa›w æappa+wm gywe cxowi s ouyio+aum, a wouy uaDwa a+anoriu+y uogena æ yi+oywæope++i.

3agaua 31.

Mpmuycwmuo, yo yi+a a›yiï 100, yi+a æm›o+a++e æappa+wa 110, yi+a æappa+wa 20. To6wo Øa›wmu+o yi+a uo›yu›m æappa+wa gopiæ+Dc:

110 + 20 = 130.

Xau i+æecwop uac 1000 rpomoæmx ogm+mya, wogi æi+ uowe a6o ›yumwm 10

a›yiu uo 100 a6o 50 æappa+wiæ uo 20 ogm+mya.

Æ›yo yi+a a›yiï uigiuuewace go 130, wo yi+a æappa+wy uowe s6inammwace ygæiui, oc›ina›m æ yaouy æmuag›y go uouepeg+aoï yi+m æappa+wy gogacwace pis+mye uiw c uowoæoD yi+oD 6asoæoï a›yiï i yi+oD uigumc›m uo æappa+wy, owwe

20+(130-110)=40

Ta›mu um+ou, æ uepmouy æmuag›y upm uo›yuyi a›yiu i+æecwop owpmuac goxig y posuipi 30%, a æ gpyrouy - 100%, upm yaouy ›oeØiyic+w Øi+a+coæoro æawene c›nage 3,3 go 1.

5agaui gne camocwiu+oro potæ’eta++e:

1. I+æecwop A upmg6aæ æ i+æecwopa b Ø'Duepc+mu ›o+wpa›w +a uocwaua++e 10000 a›yiu AT sa yi+oD 2 rp+. Ha uoue+w uorame++e Ø'Duepc+oro ›o+wpa›wy yi+a +a cuowoæouy pm+›y c›nagana 2,5 rp+. Æ›y cyuy æmunawmwa i+æecwop A, sa yuoæm uorame++e ›o+wpa›wy ›omwaum.

2. I+æecwop A upmg6aæ y i+æecwopa b Ø'Duepc+mu ›o+wpa›w +a uo›yu›y 10000 ogm+mya woæapy sa yi+oD 5 rp+. Æ›a cyua cwpaxoæoro æ+ec›y i+æecwopiæ A m b uoæm++a s+axogmwmce +a paxy+›y pospaxy+›oæoï uanawm 6ipwi, e›yo posuip uepæic+oï uapwi 5%, a uigwpmuyDuoï uapwi 50%.

3. I+æecwop A upmg6aæ y i+æecwopa b Ø'Duepc+mu ›o+wpa›w +a uo›yu›y 10000 ogm+mya woæapy sa yi+oD 2 rp+. Mepæic+a uapwa 5%. Æ›i sui+m æig6ynmce +a paxy+›ax i+æecwopiæ A m b e›yo: a) Ø'Duepc+a yi+a +a cuowoæouy pm+›y c›nana 1,95 rp+. sa ogm+myD woæapy; 6) Ø'Duepc+a yi+a +a pm+›y c›nana 2,02 rp+.

4. I+æecwop A upmg6aæ y i+æecwopa b cæpoueuca›mu ouyio+ +a uo›yu›y uepes wpm uiceyi a›yiï sa yi+oD 40 rp+. Mpm yaouy i+æecwop A saunawmæ i+æecwopy b upeuiD æ posuipi 5 rp+. Bms+aumwm giï i+æecwopa A, e›yo uepes wpm uiceyi cuowoæa yi+a 6yge c›nagawm +a piæ+i: a) 50 rp+.; 6) 30 rp+.

5. I+æecwop A upmg6aæ y i+æecwopa b cæpoueuca›mu ouyio+ uywa uepes 5

uiceyiæ a›yiï sa yi+oD 35 rp+. Mpm yaouy i+æecwop A saunawmæ i+æecwopy b

upeuiD æ posuipi 5 rp+. sa a›yiD. Bms+aumwm giï i+æecwopa A, e›yo uepes 5

uiceyiæ yi+a cuow 6yge c›nagawm +a piæ+i: a) 50 rp+.;

6) 20 rp+.

6. I+æecwop A upor+osyc s+au+y sui+y yi+m +a a›yiï AT. Bi+ og+ouac+o

›yuyc æ i+æecwopa b ouyio+m +a uo›yu›y i upogaw a›yiï uepes 3 uiceyi sa ouyio++oD yi+oD 50 rp+. Mpm yaouy æi+ æmunauyc i+æecwopy b upeuiï sa gæa ouyio+m uo 10 rp+. sa ›ow+mu. Oyi+mwm uownmæocwi æmrpamy um æwpaw i+æecwopa A upm sui+i yi+m a›yiï +a pm+›y cuow:

a) yi+a cuow c›nana 25 rp+.;

6) yi+a cuow c›nana 75 rp+.

7. I+æecwop A upmg6aæ æ i+æecwopa b ouyio+m +a uo›yu›y i upogaw uepes 6 uiceyiæ 6asoæoro a›wmæy. ]i+a æm›o+a++e ouyio+y «›on» c›nana 55 rp+., yi+a æm›o+a++e ouyio+y «uyw» - 50 rp+., a posuip upeuiu, æmunaue+mx i+æecwopy b c›naæ 5 rp+. Oyi+mwm uownmæicwa æmrpamy um æwpaw i+æecwopa A upm sui+i yi+m +a cuowoæouy pm+›y:

a) yi+a cuow c›nana 40 rp+.;

6) yi+a cuow c›nana 65 rp+.; æ) yi+a cuow c›nana 50 rp+.

8. I+æecwop upmg6aæ gæa ouyio+m «›on» i ogm+ ouyio+ «uyw». ]i+a æm›o+a++e ›o+wpa›wiæ c›nagac 50 rp+., a upeuie, yo æmunauycwace uo ›ow+ouy ouyio+y – 10 rp+. Oyi+mwm uownmæocwi æmrpamy um æwpaw gne i+æecwopa upm sui+i yi+m æm›o+a++e ›o+wpa›wy:

a) yi+a cuow c›nana 35 rp+.;

6) yi+a cuow c›nana 70 rp+.;

æ) yi+a sanmmmnace +a ›onmm+aouy piæ+i.

9. I+æecwop A upmg6aæ ogm+ ouyio+ «›on» i gæa ouyio+m «uyw». ]i+a æm›o+a++e ›o+wpa›wiæ 100 rp+., a upeuie, yo æmunauycwace uo ›ow+ouy ouyio+y, c›nagac 10 rp+. Oyi+mwm uownmæicwa æmrpamy um æwpaw gne i+æecwopa upm sui+i yi+m cuow: a) yi+a cuow c›nana 75 rp+.; 6) yi+a cuow c›nana 120 rp+.

Afl8ABITHEM MOKAK1EK

A E

Aæana - 111

A›yie – 47, 65, 59

A›yio+ep+mu pericwpawop - 215 A›yeuw – 47, 111 A›yeuwoæa+mu æe›cena - 111 Anno+w - 111

A++yïwewm - 313

Ay›yio+ - 18

Ay›yio+ uogæiu+mu - 19

b

bana+coæa æapwicwa - 48, 318

ba+› - 195

bipwa - 247

bipwa Øo+goæa - 247 bipwoæa wopriæne - 251 bipwoæa yi+a - 251 bipwoæmu ›ypc – 255 bpo›ep - 31, 172

B

Bappa+w – 47, 53, 116, 125

Be›cena – 13, 47, 55, 104

Be›cena 6po+soæmu – 106, 110 Be›cena gpyw+iu - 109 Be›cena upocwmu - 110 Be›cena uepeæog+mu - 111 Be›cena woæap+mu - 108 Be›cena Øi+a+coæmu - 109 Be+uyp – 124, 191

Big›pmwi posuiye++e yi++mx uauepiæ - 141

F

Fpomoæmu pm+o› - 13

¶

¶euosmwapiu - 216

¶euosmwap+a posumc›a - 123

¶epwaæ+i yi++i uauepm – 55, 63, 99,

¶eØiymw – 28, 99, 135

¶mæige+g – 61, 70, 77

¶mnep – 18, 31, 122, 172, 178

¶mc›o+w – 304

¶mc›o+wyæa++e – 93, 321

Euiciu+a yi+a - 89

Euicie - 127

Euiwe+w - 128

EØe›wmæ+icwa – 119, 267, 273

3a6esueue++e – 27, 84, 116, 140

3arana+a pe+wa6ena+icwa -28 3a›pmwe posuiye++e yi++mx uauepiæ - 143

3a›pmwa uigumc›a - 180

I

I+æecwmyiï – 28, 61, 195, 207, 324

I+æecwmyiu+a ›ouua+ie – 112, 172

I+ge›c – 23, 86, 138

I+ge›cm Øo+goæi – 242, 251

I+gocaue+w – 56, 107, 116

K

Kauiwan – 13, 41

Kauiwan a›yio+ep+mu – 82 Kauiwan ænac+mu - 83 Kauiwanisayie

Knipm+r - 218

Kouicie - 31

Kowmpyæa++e o6nirayiu – 38, 63, 91,

Kyuo+m - 38

Kypc o6nirayiu – 31, 49, 63, 90

Kypcoæa yi+a – 48, 59, 61

fl ui›æig+icwa - 23 ui›æig+icwa a›yiu - 63 ui›æig+icwa pm+›y - 244

M

Mau+oæi upaæa – 29, 46

Mapwa - 344

H

Hagiu+icwa – 62, 111 Hagiu+icwa pm+›y - 217 Houi+an – 48, 86

O

O6nirayiï iue++i - 95

O6nirayiï iuoweu+i - 95

O6nirayiï ›o+æepwoæa+i - 95 O6nirayie – 37, 47, 94 O6nirayie ›yuo++a – 95 O6nirayie cepiu+a – 96 Ouepayiï 6ipwoæi - 97 Ouyio+ – 29, 47, 117

M

Mepæm++mu pm+o› yi++mx uauepiæ - 17

Mpm6yw›oæicwa – 320, 330

P

Peccwp – 147, 215

Peuwm+r – 59, 66

Pe+wa - 314

Pe+wa6ena+icwa - 28

Pm+›oæe cauoperynDæa++e – 272, 294

Pm+o› yi++mx uauepiæ – 12, 16, 27

Pm+o› ›auiwaniæ - 14

Pm+o› rpomeu – 14

C

CauoperynDæa++e – 272, 294

CepwmØi›aw - 74 Cwawyw+mu ›auiwan - 83 Cwawyw+mu Øo+g – 21, 69

T

Toprm - 18

Tpaca+w - 110

Tpacaw – 110

Tpawwa – 110

8a›wop uacy - 304

8’Duepcm – 29, 47, 116, 120

8’Duepc+a yroga -120

]

]i+a – 31, 48, 49

]i++mu uauip – 46

]ecie - 115

]ege+w - 115

]ecio+apiu - 115

TEPMIHOflOFI1HEM CflOBHEK

Aa

Aæana (aæana) – uopyu+mywæo sa æe›ceneu, e›e po6mwa oco6a, yo 6epe +a ce6e æiguoæigana+icwa sa æm›o+a++e æe›cena+mx so6oæ'esa+a e›oDca oco6oD- a›yeuwa+wou, æe›cenegaæyeu, i+goca+wou. OØopunecwace y æmrnegi rapa+wiu+oro saumcy, spo6ne+oro aæanicwou +a æe›ceni um gogaw›oæouy nmcwi (ano+wi).

Aæana+uu ıpeguw (aæana+"u ›pegmw) – sacwocoæycwace ›ouepyiu+mum 6a+›aum æ e›ocwi rapa+wiu+oï uocnyrm. Moro upms+aue++e - uo›pmwm so6oæ'esa++e, ›nic+wa, e›yo æi+ +e suowe æm›o+awm ïx cauocwiu+o. Ic+yc y æmrnegi pis+oua+iw+mx Øopu rapa+wiu a6o gopyue+a: gopyue++e uo ›pegmwy, rapa+wie unawewy, rapa+wie uocwaua++e, rapa+wie +aga++e uosm›m, uogaw›oæi, umw+i, cygoæi gopyue++e.

Aæa+coæuu æeıcena (aæa+coæmu æe›cena) – æe›cena, e›mu sacwocoæyæaæce æ

+amiu ›paï+i upowerou 1922-1929 po›iæ upm æsacu+ouy ›pegmwyæa++i rocuogapca›mx opra+isayiu mnexou aæa+cyæa++e uau6yw+ix uocwaæo› woæapiæ a6o +aga++e uocnyr.

Aæito (aæmso) – umcauoæe uoæigoune++e ›nic+wa, sge6inamoro upo sui+m æ pospaxy+›oæmx ouepayiex. ¶o A. æ+ocmwace +ouep, gawa wa xapa›wep æm›o+a+oï ouepayiï, cyua i +ouep paxy+›a, unaw+m›, ogepwyæau wa i+. B sanew+ocwi æig cuoco6y uepecmn›m A. ginewace +a uomwoæi i wenerpaØ+i.

Are+w (are+w) – y ›ouepyiu+iu giena+ocwi Øismu+a um Dpmgmu+a oco6a, e›a upegcwaænec uo›yuye a6o upogaæye +a goærocwpo›oæiu oc+oæi, æm›o+yc o6uewe+y ›ina›icwa Øy+›yiu i +e c ænac+m›ou woæapiæ.

Are+wcwæo (are+wcwæo) – 1. Opra+isayie, yo æm›o+yc ueæ+i gopyue++e Dpmgmu+mx i Øismu+mx oci6. 2. Hasæa oc+oæ+oï, e› upaæmno, æenm›oï, æigouoï opra+isayiï um ycwa+oæm, yo upegcwaænec i+wepecm, æege cupaæm, æm›o+yc gopyue++e yicï cwpy›wypm y ueæ+ouy perio+i gepwaæm um sa ïï ›opgo+aum.

Are+wcaıi ouepayiï (are+wc›me ouepaymm) – woproæena+o-uocepeg+mya›i giï s +aga++eu ueæ+mx uocnyr, uoæ’esa+mx is ›yuiæneD-upogaweu woæapiæ, yi++mx

uauepiæ, +epyxouocwi, e›i sgiuc+DDwace sa gopyue++eu og+icï cwopo+m

(upm+ymuana) i+moD cwopo+oD (are+wou) æig iue+i u ›omwou upm+ymuana.

Arpecuæ+i yi++i uauepu (arpeccmæ+"e ye++"e 6yuarm) – uepcue›wmæ+i yi++i uauepm si spocwaDumu ›ypcou æiguoæig+o go ›o+’D+›wypm pm+›y. 3a›yuoæyDwace y sæ’es›y si spocwa++eu uoumwy u +auipaum ogepwa++e s+au+mx cyu upm6yw›iæ. Mpowe ›yuiæne wa›mx uauepiæ uoæ’esa+a s ueæ+mu pmsm›ou.

Arperaw+uu i+geıc yi+ (arperaw+"u m+ge›c ye+) – ysarana+DDumu uo›as+m› gm+aui›m i cuiææig+ome++e piæ+e yi+. Hauuacwime æm›opmcwoæycwace æ a+anisi wa upor+osyæa++i gm+aui›m yi+ woæapiæ. 3anew+o æig saæga+a a+anisy o6umcnDDwa arperaw+mu i+ge›c yi+ ycix æmgiæ woæapiæ +apog+oro cuowmæa++e (sarana+mu arperaw+mu i+ge›c) a6o o›peumx rpyu woæapiæ (rpyuoæmu arperaw+mu i+ge›c).

Aıyio+ep+uu pericwpawop (a›ymo+ep+"u permcwpawop) – cumco› ænac+m›iæ a›yiu, e›mu pericwpyc ›ouua+ie a6o sa ïï gopyue++eu cueyiana+a opra+isayie.

Aıyio+yæa++e (a›ymo+mpoæa+me) – Øopua upmæawmsayiï uau+a gepwaæ+oï wa upmæaw+oï Øopu ænac+ocwi, sa e›oï sgiuc+Dcwace uepewæope++e uacwm+m gepwaæ+oï um upmæaw+oï ænac+ocwi æ a›yio+ep+y, ›onm cuiæænac+m›aum ga+oro uigupmcucwæa uowywa 6ywm uoro o›peui upayiæ+m›m, wpygoæmu ›one›wmæ i gepwaæa. Bog+ouac æig6yæacwace uepegaua rocuogapca›mx Øy+›yiu æig gepwaæ+mx opra+isayiu um ycwa+oæ a›yio+ep+mu woæapmcwæau.

Aıyie (a›yme) – æmg yi++mx uauepiæ, yo eænec co6oD ænac+icwa uacw›m cwawyw+oro ›auiwany uigupmcucwæa i uo›nagac +a ïï ænac+m›a (a›yio+epa) ueæ+i upaæa i so6oæ'esa++e, so›peua: upaæo +a uacwm+y upm6yw›y uigupmcucwæa y æmuag›y uoro posuoginy (gmæige+g), a y æmuag›y ni›æigayiï - +a uacwm+y sanmm›oæoï æapwocwi uigupmcucwæa. Og+ouac+o a›yie c ogm+myeD ›auiwany, uepega+oro a›yio+epaum y ›opmcwyæa++e a›yio+ep+ouy woæapmcwæy.

Aıyie upocwa (a›yie upocwae) – gosæonec cæocuy ænac+m›oæi owpmuyæawm gmæige+g +esanew+o æig pesynawawiæ giena+ocwi a›yio+ep+oro woæapmcwæa i ronocyæawm +a sarana+mx s6opax a›yio+epiæ (og+a a›yie — ogm+ ronoc).

Aıyie upuæineuoæa+a (a›yie upmæmnermpoæa++ae) — pis+oæmgm a›yiu, e›i

+agaDwa gogaw›oæi, uopiæ+e+o s i+mmum, upaæa ïx ænac+m›au — uepeæarm y

+apaxyæa++i gmæige+giæ, uepmoueproæe ogepwa++e, upowe +e uaDwa upaæa ronocy. ¶aDwa upaæo +a uepmoueproæe owpmua++e upm6yw›y, e›mu æigpaxoæycwace æig umcworo upm6yw›y uigupmcucwæa y æmrnegi Øi›coæa+oro upoye+wa +a æapwicwa a›yiï, +a ›ouue+cayiD goxogy, +egoowpmua+oro ænac+m›ou a›yiu y sæ'es›y si c›opoue++eu upm6yw›y woæapmcwæa y æiguoæig+ouy poyi, sa paxy+o› pesepæ+oro Øo+gy. Ane upmæineuoæa+i a›yiï +e gaDwa upaæa ronocy +a sarana+mx s6opax a›yio+epiæ wa +a yuacwa æ yupaæni++i woæapmcwæou. 3arana+a cyua wa›mx a›yiu +e uowe uepeæmyyæawm 25% cwawyw+oro Øo+gy a›yio+ep+oro woæapmcwæa.

Aıyeuw (a›yeuw) – sroga +a ounawy a6o rapa+wyæa++e ounawm rpomoæmx i woæap+mx go›yue+wiæ y æ+ywpim+aouy wa soæ+im+aouy woæapoo6opowi. 3a cæocD ØopuoD A. 6yæac +erawmæ+mu (uoæuas+mu) i uosmwmæ+mu (umcauoæmu). Herawmæ+mu A. sacwocoæycwace æ pospaxy+›ax uauwe æcix uigupmcucwæ wa opra+isayiu i os+auac, yo e›yo rocuopra+ æ sas+aue+mu gne a›yeuwy cwpo› +e uogaæ go 6a+›y umcauoæoro sa6esueue++e ounawm unawiw+oï æmuorm, æo+a ææawacwace a›yeuwoæa+oD. umme gne æmuor cinapag i ›oouepawmæiæ æcwa+oæne+o i+mmu uopego› a›yeuwy: æmuorm ææawaDwace a›yeuwoæa+mum,

›onm æig unaw+m›a +agiumna umcauoæa sroga +a ounawy. Pospis+eDwa A. æe›cena+mu, ue›oæmu wa go›yue+wiæ. Be›cena+mu A. – sroga +a ounawy æe›cene, yo oØopunecwace +agumcou a›yeuwa+wa +a æe›ceni. fe›oæmu A. os+auac a›yeuw 6a+›ou-unaw+m›ou.

Aıyeuw+uu ıpeguw (a›yeuw+"u ›pegmw) – ogm+ s æmgiæ ›pegmwy, e›mu

+agacwace ›ouepyiu+mum 6a+›aum cæoïu ›nic+wau. Kpegmw+a yroga oØopunDcwace s æm›opmcwa++eu uepe›as+oro æe›cene, o6ni› e›oro uowe 6ywm sgiuc+e+mu æ 6a+›y, yo uoro a›yeuwyæaæ. B yaouy æmuag›y 6a+› cwac +e wina›m rapa+wou, a u 6esuocepeg+iu ›pegmwopou ›nic+wa, 3a +aga++e a›yeuw+oro ›pegmwy 6a+› cweryc a›yeuw+y ›ouiciD æ posuipi 0,25 æigcow›iæ æ uiceya.

Aıyeuwoæa+uu æeıcena (a›yeuwoæa++"u æe›cena) – æe›cena, yo uac a›yeuw 6opw+m›a (wpacawa) +a uoro ounawy. A›yeuw oØopunecwace +aumcou +a æe›ceni (“a›yeuwoæa+o”, “upmu+ewo”, “so6oæ'esyDca cunawmwm”) wa uigumcou wpacawa. A›yeuw uowe 6ywm e› 6esyuoæ+mu, wa› i o6uewe+mu uacwm+oD æe›cena+oï cyum (uacw›oæmu a›yeuw).

Ane6a (ane6a) – æiguoæa æig a›yeuwy.

Anno+w (anno+w) – gogaw›oæmu nmcw, e›mu upm›piunecwace go æe›cene i +a e›ouy po6mwace uepegaw+mu rapa+wiu+mu saumc, e›yo +a sæopow+iu cwopo+i æe›cene æi+ +e æuiyycwace. Mepmmu uepegaw+mu saumc +a A. æm›o+ycwace æuouepe› (uoum+acwace +a æe›ceni, a sa›i+uycwace +a A.) Ha A. wa›ow uowe 6ywm spo6ne+mu aæana.

Anauapi (anauapm) – æiguoæig+icwa 6ipwoæoro ›ypcy æanDwm, yi++mx uauepiæ, uepe›as+mx æe›ceniæ ïx+iu +oui+ana+iu æapwocwi (uapmwewy).

A++yïwewu (a++ymwew") – pis+oæmg gepwaæ+oï goærocwpo›oæoï uosmu›m, sa e›oD ›pegmwop owpmuyc yopiu+mu upm6ywo› (pe+wy), yo æcwa+oænDcwace s ypaxyæa++eu cunawm 6opry pasou is æigcow›aum. A. uogineDwace +a cwpo›oæi i goæiu+i. 3a cwpo›oæmu A. upaæo ›pegmwopa o6uewycwace æms+aue+oD ›ina›icwD po›iæ wa uowe uepegaæawmce i+mmu oco6au. 3a goæiu+mu A. sa›i+ue++e cunawm pe+wm uoæ'esa+e si cuepwD ænac+m›a.

A+o+im+e aıyio+ep+e woæapucwæo (a+o+mu+oe a›ymo+ep+oe o6yecwæo) –

a›yio+ep+e woæapmcwæo s a›yieum +a upeg’eæ+m›a.

A+wumo+ouona+uu ıomiwew (a+wmuo+ouona+"u ›oumwew) – gepwaæ+mu opra+, uiguopeg›oæa+mu BP V›paï+m. Moro oc+oæ+mum saæga++eum c sgiuc+e++e gepwaæ+oro ›o+wponD sa gowpmua++eu a+wmuo+ouona+oro sa›o+ogaæcwæa, peanisayie saxogiæ yogo saxmcwy upaæ wa i+wepeciæ uigupmcuyiæ i cuowmæauiæ æig uoro uopyme+a.

Auopw (auopw) – uau+o, e›e +agxogmwa a›yio+ep+ouy woæapmcwæy y æmrnegi ounawm sa a›yiï. Mowe 6ywm upegcwaæne+mu y æmrnegi woæapiæ, 6ygiæena, e›i oyi+DDwace i upmpiæ+DDwace go æms+aue+oï cyum rpomoæoro ›auiwany, æ+ec›y.

Awecwayie (awwecwayme) – 1. Bms+aue++e piæ+e upoØeciu+oï ›æaniØi›ayiï

›agpiæ, oyi+›a ïx+ix ginoæmx e›ocweu, sgi6+ocweu, upoØecio+anisuy. 2. Bms+aue++e wex+iu+mx xapa›wepmcwm›, cuowmæumx e›ocweu woæapiæ +apog+oro cuowmæa++e wa upogy›yiï æmpo6+muoro upms+aue++e.

Awecwayie ıagpiæ (awwecwayme ›agpoæ) – upoyegypa uepeæip›m wa oyi+›m uownmæocweu Øismu+oï oco6m æm›o+yæawm po6owm s æiguoæig+mx cueyianisayiu.

Ayıyio+ (ay›ymo+) – cuoci6 uy6niu+oro upogawy woæapiæ æ uouepeg+ao o6yuoæne+mu uac i æ ueæ+ouy uicyi. Topr æegewace +a ›o+›ypc+iu oc+oæi i y æiguoæig+ocwi s ay›yio++mum upaæmnaum, yo pernaue+wyDwa gocwaæ›y woæapiæ

+a A., upogaw ïx, oØopune++e upmg6a+mx woæapiæ. Ay›yio++mu wopr is uigæmye++eu yi+ uowe sgiuc+Dæawmca y rnac+mu a6o +ernac+mu cuoci6. A. uowywa 6ywm i upmuycoæmum, e›i opra+isyDwa cygoæi opra+m a6o opra+m ænagm s uewoD upogawy uau+a +eunawocupouow+mx 6opw+m›iæ, upogawy 6esxaseu+oro uau+a.

Ayıyio+ uogæiu+uu (ay›ymo+ gæou+ou) – opra+isayiu+a Øopua æege++e ay›yio+y, ›onm ›o+›ypyDwa uiw co6oD i upogaæyi, i uo›yuyi æiguoæig+o go sui+ ›o+’D+›wypm, upouopyiu uoumwy i upouosmyiu, a6o ›onm ›ina›icwa upogaæyiæ s6iracwace s ›ina›icwD uo›yuyiæ.

Ayıyio++i pu+ıu (ay›ymo++"e p"+›m) - ye pm+o› yi++mx uauepiæ, +a e›ouy uy6niu+i rnac+i woprm s æig›pmwmu suara++eu uo›yuyiæ i upogaæyiæ, upms+aue++eu yi+oæmx u i+mmx yuoæ yrogm yogo yi++mx uauepiæ. Xapa›wepmsyDwace +aeæ+icwD uexa+isuy sicwaæne++e uoumwy i upouosmyiu, i æcwa+oæne++e wa›mx saeæo›, yo æsacu+o sagoæona+eDwa ogm+ og+oro u uowywa cnyryæawm uigcwaæoD gne y›naga++e yrog.

A+geppauwep (a+geppauwep) - 1) ua›nep uo ouepayiex is yi++mum uauepaum;

2) y 6a+›iæca›iu giena+ocwi, +a pm+›y yi++mx uauepiæ: Øismu+a a6o Dpmgmu+a oco6a, yo rapa+wyc euiwe+wy a›yiu a6o i+mmx yi++mx uauepiæ ïx+c posuiye++e

+a pm+›y +a uorogwe+mx yuoæax sa cueyiana+y æm+aropogy.

b6

bata ıo+wpaıwy (6asa ›o+wpa›wa) – æms+aue+a gæocwopo++iu 6ipwoæmu

›o+wpa›wou ›ina›icwa pis+oæmgiæ woæapiæ, upegcwaæne+a +a upogaw sa yi+oD, yo gopiæ+Dc 6asmc+iu yi+i, sa e›oD woæap ›owmpycwace +a 6ipwi.

ba+ı (6a+›) – ycwa+oæa, yo a›yuynDc rpomoæi ›omwm i +arpouagwe++e,

+agac ›pegmwm, sgiuc+Dc rpomoæi pospaxy+›m, o6ni› æe›ceniæ, euiciD rpomeu wa yi++mx uauepiæ, ouepayiï s sonowou, i+oseu+oD æanDwoD woyo. 3a Øy+›yieum i xapa›wepou ouepayiu 6a+›m posuogineDwace +a euiciu+i,

›ouepyiu+i, i+æecwmyiu+i, iuoweu+i, oyag+i wa i+mi. B V›paï+i Øy+›yio+yc gæopiæ+eæa 6a+›iæca›a cmcweua. Ha uepmouy piæ+i upayDc Hayio+ana+mu 6a+› V›paï+m, +a gpyrouy – ›ouepyiu+i 6a+›m pis+mx Øopu ænac+ocwi, cueyianisayiï wa cØepm giena+ocwi.

ba+ı-rapa+w (6a+›-rapa+w) – 6a+›, yo uopyumæce sa cæoro ›nic+wa. Bmgac rapa+wiï sa gopyue++eu wa sa paxy+o› ›nic+wiæ, a wa›ow 6a+›iæ-›opecuo+ge+wiæ, æiguoæigac uepeg ›pegmwopou sa æm›o+a++e 6opw+m›ou uoro unawiw+mx so6oæ'esa+a sa ›o+wpa›wou.

ba+ı-gunep (6a+›-gmnep) – ›ouepyiu+mu 6a+›, yo sgiuc+Dc ouepayiï s peanisayiï gepwaæ+mx yi++mx uauepiæ +a Øo+goæmx pm+›ax.

ba+ı i+æecwuyiu+uu (6a+› m+æecwmymo++"u) – ›ouepyiu+mu 6a+›, e›mu cueyianisycwace +a upmg6a++i wa peanisayiï æmpo6+mumx opra+isayiu (›opuopayiu). Moro oc+oæ+i Øi+a+coæi pecypcm wa upm6yw›m ØopuyDwace sge6inamoro sa paxy+o› wopriæni ænac+mum a›yieum.

ba+ı iuoweu+uu (6a+› muoweu+"u) – 6a+›, e›mu cueyianisycwace +a ouepayiex s +aga++e goærocwpo›oæmx ›pegmwiæ uig sacwaæy +epyxouocwi, æ oc+oæ+ouy +a 6ygiæ+mywæo wmwnoæmx i æmpo6+mumx cuopyg, uig uopiæ+e+o æmco›i æigcow›oæi cwaæ›m.

ba+ı ıomepyiu+uu (6a+› ›ouuepuec›mu) –6a+›, e›mu sgiuc+Dc y+iæepcana+i 6a+›iæca›i ouepayiï s pis+mum opra+isayieum, ycwa+oæaum sge6inamoro sa paxy+o› ænac+mx ›omwiæ wa sanyue++e ›pegmw+mx pecypciæ

cæoïx ›nic+wiæ. Cwa+oæneum uepeæaw+y 6inamicwa y sarana+o+ayio+ana+iu 6a+›iæca›iu cmcweui, æo+m c 6asoæoD oc+oæoD ›pegmw+oï cmcweum gepwaæm.

ba+ıiæcaıa rapa+wie (6a+›oæc›ae rapa+wme) – uopyumwenacwæo (sauopy›a) 6a+›y-rapa+wa sa cæoro ›nic+wa. Os+auac, yo 6a+› 6epe +a ce6e so6oæ’esa++e sgiuc+mwm unawiw sa cæiu paxy+o› y pasi +euownmæocwi cunawm ›nic+wou y cwpo› unawewiæ sa goroæopou. Bmgacwace 6a+›ou ›nic+wy uig uoro æiguoæig+i uau+oæi sa6esueue++e.

ba+ıpywcwæo (6a+›powcwæo) – +ecupouow+icwa 6opw+m›a (uigupmcucwæa, Øipum, 6a+›y woyo) æm›o+awm cæoï 6oproæi so6oæ'esa++e. Big g+e oØiyiu+oro oronome++e b. 6opw+m› æwpauac upaæo cauocwiu+o yupaænewm wa posuopegwawmce cæoïu uau+ou. ]e upaæo uepexogmwa go ni›æigawopiæ – oci6, upms+aue+mx posuopegwawmce uau+ou 6opw+m›a wa upmuycoæo ni›æigyæawm opra+isayiD. Vci æe›cena+i so6oæ'esa++e 6opw+m›a uigneraDwa wepui+oæouy uorame++D. Bci upewe+siï ›pegmwopiæ s uoue+wy b. upeg'eæneDwace nmme go ni›æigawopiæ i sagoæona+eDwace +a ›o+›ypc+iu oc+oæi.

“buıu”("6"›m")(6ipwoæmu wapro+) – 6ipwoæi ua›nepm, giena+icwa e›mx rpy+wycwace +a rpi +a uigæmye++e ›ypcy yi++mx uauepiæ wa æanDw. “b.”

›yuyDwa a›yiï sa ›ypcou, saØi›coæa+mu upm y›naga++i yrogm, pospaxoæyDum

+a uigæmye++e ïx ›ypcy æ uoue+w æm›o+a++e yrogm, wo6wo s uewoD ogepwa++e upm6yw›y æig pis+myi ›ypciæ.

bipwa (6mpwa) – opra+isayiu+o oØopune+mu, uocwiu+o Øy+›yio+yDumu pm+o›, +a e›ouy sgiuc+Dcwace wopriæne yi++mum uauepaum i ouwoæa wopriæne woæapaum. Pospis+eDwa æanDw+y, woæap+y i Øo+goæy 6ipwy.

bipwa øo+goæa (6mpwa Øo+goæae) – cueyianisoæa+a Øi+a+coæa opra+isayie, e›a socepegwyc uoumw i upouosmyiD yi++mx uauepiæ, cupmec Øopuyæa++D ïx 6ipwoæoro ›ypcy. CwæopDcwace e› a›yio+ep+e woæapmcwæo, sac+oæ+m›aum e›oro uowywa 6ywm woproæyi yi++mum uauepaum. fne+aum 8.6. uowywa 6ywm Dpmgmu+i oco6m, e›i ounawmnm +a 6ipwi uicye s uewoD y›naga++e yrog s yi++mum uauepaum fne+m 6ipwi ›opmcwyDwace wa›mum w upaæaum, e› i a›yio+epm 6ipwi, sa æm+ew›ou upaæa +a ogepwa++e gmæige+gy uo a›yiex.

Oc+oæ+mum ouepayieum 8.6. c: upoæege++e o6ni›y yi++mx uauepiæ, ïx upmu+ewwe, +aga++e pe›oue+gayiu uo æcwa+oæne++D uouaw›oæoï ›owmpyæana+oï yi+m; opra+isayie oØopune++e yrog uo ›yuiæni-upogawy yi++mx uauepiæ; æm›o+a++e ye+wpanisoæa+mx æsacuopospaxy+›iæ æ cepegm+i 6ipwoæoro pm+›y yi++mx uauepiæ; sa6esueue++e upaæoæoro oØopune++e yrog.

bipwoæa cueıyneyie (6mpweæae cue›yneyme) – sgiuc+e++e +a 6ipwi ouepayiu s yi++mum uauepaum s uewoD ogepwa++e cue›ynewmæ+oro upm6yw›y æig pis+myi uiw ›ypcaum +a uac y›naga++e wa peanisayiï yrogm. Fonoæ+mu uewog

b.c. – ›yuiæne-upogaw yi++mx uauepiæ +a cwpo›. 3aæepmycwace yroga +e Øa›wmu+oD uepegaueD yi++mx uauepiæ ›o+wpare+wy, a ounawoD pis+myi y yi+ax.

bipwoæa cecie (6mpweæae ceccme) – cueyiana+o æcwa+oæne+mu uac, i+wepæan po6ouoro g+e, upowerou e›oro sgiuc+Dcwace wopriæne +a 6ipwi, y›nagaDwace yrogm.

bipwoæa wopriæne (6mpweæae woproæne) – opra+isayie wopriæni woæapaum, yi++mum uauepaum, +epyxouicwD +a 6ipwax a6o s yuacwD 6ipwi e› uocepeg+m›a.

bipwoæa yi+a (6mpweæae ye+a) – yi+a +a woæapm, yi++i uauepm, e›a c›nagacwace uig uac 6ipwoæoï wopriæni s ypaxyæa++eu ›o+’D+›wypm pm+›y, cuiææig+ome++e uoumwy i upouosmyiu +a 6ipwoæmx woprax. My6ni›ycwace y cueyiana+mx gpy›oæa+mx saco6ax 6ipw (+auuacwime y 6ipwoæmx 6Dnewe+ex).

bipwoæuu 6Dnewe+a (6mpweæou 6Dnnewe+a) – uepiogmu+mu gpy›oæa+mu opra+ 6ipwi, æ e›ouy uy6ni›yDwace ›ypcm yi++mx uauepiæ i 6ipwoæi yi+m woæapiæ. Bmuyc›acwace, e› upaæmno, yoge++o s sas+aue++eu uepeni›y yi++mx uauepiæ, æmyoro, +mwuoro i sa›nDu+oro ›ypcy uo ›ow+ouy æmgy yi++mx uauepiæ.

bipwoæuu ıomiwew (6mpweæou ›oumwew) – opra+ yupaæni++e 6ipweD. O6mpacwace sarana+mum s6opaum une+iæ 6ipwi +a o6yuoæne+mu uac. Bms+auac e›o+ouiu+y uoniwm›y wa oc+oæ+i +aupeum giena+ocwi 6ipwi, sgiuc+Dc ›o+wpona sa po6owoD cwpy›wyp+mx uigposginiæ.

bipwoæuu ıypc (6mpweæou ›ypc) – upogaw+a yi+a yi++mx uauepiæ. b.›. 6esuocepeg+ao sanewmwa æig posuipy gmæige+gy, a ouocepeg›oæa+o – æig +opum uosmu›oæoro upoye+wa. Houi+ana+a yi+a a›yiï +a b.›. +e æunmæac, wouy yo æo+a (a›yie) +e uignerac æm›yuy uigupmcucwæou, e›e ïï æmuycwmno. b.›. o6nirayiï sanewmwa æig ïï +oui+ana+oï yi+m, æi+ wmu æmymu, umu 6nmwue cwpo› æm›yuy.

bipwoæuu maınep (6mpweæou ua›nep) – oØiyiu+mu ›ouepyiu+mu cuiæpo6iw+m› 6ipwi, e›mu 6epe yuacwa y 6ipwoæmx ouepayiex e› opra+isawop a›yiu ›yuiæni-upogawy woæapiæ, yi++mx uauepiæ i æ y›nage++i wa peccwpayiï 6ipwoæmx yrog.

bipwoæi t6opu (6mpweæoe co6pa+me) – si6pa++e une+iæ 6ipwi (po6oumu cea+c), uig uac e›oro peanisyDwace ouepayiï ›yuiæni-upogawy yi++mx uauepiæ a6o 6ipwoæmx woæapiæ yuac+m›aum s6opiæ 6esuocepeg+ao um uepes 6po›epiæ, s uownmæmu y›naga++eu æiguoæig+mx yrog. Mpoæogewace y æms+aue+i g+i wa rogm+m. Mopego› ïx upoæege++e æms+auacwace 6ipwoæmu ›ouiwewou.

bpoıep (6po›ep) – uocepeg+m› upm y›naga++i pis+mx yrog uiw uo›yuyeum wa upogaæyeum woæapiæ, yi++mx uauepiæ, æanDw i i+mmx yi++ocweu +a woæap+mx i Øo+goæmx 6ipwax, æanDw+mx, cwpaxoæmx wa Øpaxwoæmx pm+›ax. bipwoæi ouepayiï b. sgiuc+Dc sa gopyue++eu wa sa paxy+o› ›nic+wiæ, owpmuyDum sa uocepeg+mywæo ueæ+y unawy (6po›epca›y ›ouiciD).

bpoıepaw (6po›epaw) – upoæege++e ›ouepyiu+mx 6ipwoæmx ouepayiu s yi++mum uauepaum sa gopyue++eu upogaæye a6o uo›yuye yi++mx uauepiæ.

bpoıepigw (6po›epmgw) – æm+aropoga (upeuie), e›y owpmuyc 6po›ep sa upoæege+i ›ouepyiu+i ouepayiï +a Øo+goæmx um woæap+mx pm+›ax.

bpo+toæuu æeıcena (6po+soæ"u æe›cena) – Øi›wmæ+mu æe›cena, 6oproæe so6oæ'esa++e, yo +e uac uig co6oD peana+oro sa6esueue++e. BmumcyDwa ïx

+ecupouow+i unaw+m›m ogm+ +a og+oro s uewoD gmc›o+wy ymx æe›ceniæ y 6a+›ax.

Bæ

Banig+icwa (æanmg+ocwa) – os+a›a +agiu+ocwi, um++ocwi æmxig+oï i+Øopuayiï, e›a æm›opmcwoæycwace æ e›o+ouiu+mx gocnigwe++ex; peana+icwa i+Øopuayiï, æigcyw+icwa y +iu uoumno›, uownmæmx uepes +ewou+icwa o6pa+oï uewogm›m s6mpa++e wa o6po6›m ga+mx.

“Begmegi”(“uegæegm”) – sarana+oupmu+ewa +asæa 6ipwoæmx cue›yn