THE LAW OF TORTS

Tort: wrongful act that causes injury to a person or property and for
which the law allows a claim under civil law, the law in the United States
that governs the relationships between individuals - for example marriage
contracts, or injuries. The civil law concerning torts attempts to remedy
injuries suffered by individuals or corporations by forcing the party who
caused the harm to compensate the victim. In contrast, criminal law
governs the relationship between the government (state) and the individual
and punishes a person who acts in a way considered harmful to society as
a whole.

Both torts and contracts are governed by civil law, but the duty that exists
between the person who commits a tort and the person injured does not
result from an agreement or contract. In other words, a person does not
have to form a contract with another person in order to prevent that person
from assaulting him or her. Instead, society requires that individuals act in
certain ways and requires them to provide compensation if they injure
someone because they failed to act in the required manner.

In the 1990s lawsuits based on tort made up nearly half of all lawsuits| in the United States. Over 1.5 million tort claims are filed every year in the
United States. The majority of tort cases involve automobile accidents .
medical malpractice or defective products.

Notes

law of torts - деликтное право

tort - гражданское правонарушение, деликт, проступок
wrongful act - проступок, правонарушение, деликтный вред
cause injury - причинять вред, наносить ущерб, телесное
повреждение

govern the relationships between Individuals - регулировать

отношения между частными лицами
remedy Injuries - возмещение ущерба (вреда)
suffer injuries - пострадать от ущерба, вреда, телесного

повреждения
force - принуждать
cause the harm - наносить вред
compensate - компенсировать, возмещать
victim - жертва
punish - наказывать

who acts in a way considered harmful to society – кто действует таким образом, который считается наносящим вред обществу

commit a tort - совершать правонарушение

result from - проистекать из

form a contract - заключить контракт

assault - нападать, словесно оскорблять, угрожать физическим
насилием

provide compensation - обеспечивать компенсацию
in the required manner — требуемым образом
lawsuit — судебный иск
automobile accidents — автокатастрофы

medical malpractice - преступная небрежность врача , профессиональная некомпетентность врача
defective products - некачественные товары