Функции. Using automatic control makes it possible to increase productivity.

1. Подлежащее.

Using automatic control makes it possible to increase productivity.

Использование/ при использовании / использовать…..

2. Часть составного сказуемого.

Their aim is findingnew ways to utilize this first-class polymer in light industry.

….найти / нахождение….

3. Дополнение.

There were other ways of applyinghigh voltage.

…..применения / применять

4. Обстоятельство ( употребляется с предлогами after, before, on, at, in, for, by, without, with).

Предлог in означает процесс в его развернутости

In making such experiments…….

Производя опыты…….

Предлог on означает завершенность процесса.

On making the experiment……

Закончив эксперимент…….

I. Put the questions to the words given in bold type.

1. The electrons leaving the metal surface can produce considerable current. 2. The escaping electrons flow from the cathode to the plate. 3. The number of electrons attracted to the plate depends on the combined effect of the grid and plate polarities. 4. A triode contains three electrodes. 5. Electron tubes are widely in use nowadays. 6. One must use special instruments while carrying out this experiment.

II. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English using Gerund.

1. Способ изготовления этих электронных ламп прост. Применение их в промышленном оборудовании широко обсуждается. 2. В этих условиях преобразование переменного тока в постоянный совершенно необходимо. 3. испускание электронов начинается тогда, когда кинетическая энергия электронов становится достаточно большой, чтобы преодолеть молекулярные силы притяжения. 4. Вы можете изменить величину тока, регулируя напряжения в цепи. 5. Идея использовать высокое напряжение не нова, а предложенный метод очень оригинален. 6. Им удалось объяснить это явление. 7. Подумайте о том, как объяснить результаты ваших опытов.

III. Translate from English into Russian.

1. I can’t help mentioning one more interesting fact. 2. The idea of using this technique is new and somewhat unexpected. 3. It’s worth mentioning in this connection that this technique found no support two years ago. 4. It’s useless devoting too much time to this problem without specifying all details of the procedure. It’s no good wasting much time in debates. 5. We insist on treating another important element in this technique. 6. The way of avoiding these difficulties is unknown at present. 7. This procedure will give us the possibility of determining both the state estimation and the time delay.

IV. Find the sentences with Gerund and Participle, determine the function and translate the sentences into Russian.

1. I never doubted his working in this field of science. 2. Scientists’ constantly exploring unknown, their looking for the new knowledge and the answers to unsolved questions cannot be estimated. 3. One must not forget that there are plenty of problems remaining still unsolved. 4. Using their minds and working together men can solve almost any problem. 5. Scientists’ working together and their sharing ideas with one another is of great advantage for science. 6. Even when working alone a scientist must know what others have done before him. 7. Being pioneers scientists go ahead preparing the way for those following them.