VOCABULARY PRACTICE SECTION 3. 1. Using the information from the Key Information Section 3 decide which type of graphics software is best for these users.

1. Using the information from the Key Information Section 3 decide which type of graphics software is best for these users.

1. a person who wants to edit photos at home

2. an economist who wants to present statistics in a form that can be easily understood

3. engineers who need to design the interior and exterior of a new aeroplane

4. a company which needs to design and publish a magazine

5. an artist who wants to produce illustrations and freehand drawings for a book

6. an organization that needs to make maps and 3D virtual models of the surface of the Earth

7. computer animators who make movies like “Toy Story” and “Shrek”

8. a mathematician who wants to make fractal shapes of natural phenomena

2. Label these words with visual aids of Business graphics programs.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

3. Decode the abbreviations from Key Information Section 3. Use the ICT dictionary, if necessary.

QTP, DTP, CG, PPI, DPI, CAD, CGI, GIS, GPS.

4. Complete the sentences with words from the box.

The original presentation graphics software ran on computer (1) …, such as those manufactured by Genigraphics, Autographix, and Dicomed. It became quite easy to make last-minute changes compared to traditional typesetting and (2) … . It was also a lot easier to produce a large number of (3) … in a small amount of time. A presentation program is supposed to help both: the speaker with an easier access to his ideas and the participants with visual information which complements the talk. There are many different types of (4) … including professional (work-related), education, entertainment, and for general communication. Presentation programs can either supplement or replace the use of older (5) …, such as Pamphlets, handouts, chalkboards, flip charts, posters, slides and overhead transparencies. Text, graphics, movies, and other objects are positioned on individual pages or "slides" or "foils". The "slide" analogy is a reference to the (6) …, a device that has become somewhat obsolete due to the use of presentation software. Slides can be printed, or (more usually) displayed on-screen and navigated through at the command of the presenter. Transitions between slides can be (7) … in a variety of ways, as can the (8) …. of elements on a slide itself. Typically a presentation has many constraints and the most important being the limited time to present consistent information.

Originally up to the late 1990s, when GIS data was mostly based on large (9) … and used to maintain internal records, (10) … was a stand-alone product. However with increased access to the internet and networks and demand for distributed geographic data grew, GIS software gradually changed its entire outlook to the delivery of data over a (11) … . GIS software is now usually marketed as combination of various interoperable applications and APIs. It helps to automate many complex processes without worrying about underlying algorithms and processing steps in conventional GIS software. Modern GIS technologies use digital information, for which various digitized data creation methods are used. The most common method of data creation is (12) …, where a hard copy map or survey plan is transferred into a digital medium through the use of a (13) … program, and geo-referencing capabilities. With the wide availability of ortho-rectified imagery (both from satellite and aerial sources), heads-up digitizing is becoming the main avenue through which geographic data is extracted.

Painting programs work by giving a colour to each pixel in an image, creating a (14) … . Unlike vector graphics, the image is a single layer, so once something is painted, it becomes part of the whole picture. In painting programs and image editors, (15) … are special effects that can be applied to a picture, including drop shadows, textures, distortions, etc. The (16) … model is the simplest interpretation of a true three-dimensional object. Here the object is represented by its edges and contours and is therefore similar in form to a normal engineering drawing or sketch. (17) … adds textures to each surface, and generates realistic reflections, shadows and highlights. Most illustration packages come with a bundle of resources that include ready-made (18) … images and a selection of fonts. (19) … are geometrical patterns that are repeated at a small scale to generate irregular shapes, some of which are similar to objects in nature.