Exercise 36 Answer the following questions.

1. Where was the world’s first underground railway built? 2. What made people think about the construction of underground transport? 3. Why did people experience many discomforts in the early London Metropolitan? 4. What advantages did the electric traction have when introduced on underground railways? 5. How many cities in the world have metro systems? 6. What are the Moscow metro and the London Underground famous for? 7. What innovations have been introduced in metros lately? 8. What unique features does the high-speed line Meteor in Paris have? 9. Where are the automated lines in use now? 10. Why is automatic operation system better than manual? 11. What is the Light Metro? 12. How many countries have the light metro? 13. What are the distinctive features of the light rail? 14. What are the advantages of the light metro in a modern big city?

Exercise 37 Translate the word combinations in brackets.

1. Metro is defined as (підземна залізнична система) in which trains run in (труби) under the earth. 2. (Перевантаження руху) was already felt in the streets in the middle of the 19^th century. 3. (Перша пасажирська підземна залізниця) was opened in London on the 10^th of January, 1863. 4. This new and strange way of travel (завдавав) many discomforts. 5. The steam locomotives (заповнювали тунелі паром ти димом). 6. Electric trains (усунули) steam and smoke and (забезпечили більш швидке) service for passengers. 7. The Victoria Line system in London is the most (повністю автоматизована лінія) now in operation. 8. Light rail is a modern form of public transit, (яка поєднує якості трамвая та метро).

Exercise 38 Agree or disagree with the following statements. Give your arguments according to the text.

1. Metro has always meant a way to get to work and back home. 2. The reason of having underground railway in every major city is traffic congestion. 3. Public didn’t experience any discomfort while travelling by early metros. 4. Automatic driving hasn’t been introduced widely yet. 5. Light rail connects neighbouring suburbs with the centre of a city. 6. Light rail trains aren’t compatible with pedestrian environments. 7. Disabled people and senior citizens can’t travel independеntly by this friendly form of transit. 8. Station platforms are at the same level as the floors of the trains (or there exist special models of low-floor light rail vehicles).

Exercise 39 Choose one of the topics and make up a short story based on the text.

· The world’s first underground

· Metros worldwide

· Automated underground systems

· The Light Metro