AIRCRAFT POLLUTION

To soar through the air like birds was only a dream of human for centuries. This dream was become true because of airplane. But this wonderful invention has got opposite side. It is aircraft pollution. Aircraft pollution includes three main groups of contamination made by airplanes, namely: water pollution of the airport activities, air pollution of the aircraft emissions and noise pollution.

Aircraft and especially jet aircraft discharge large amount of pollutants in the air. Air is gas which you take in through nose and mouse when you breathe. Although jet engines have improved over the last years, they still are responsible for considerable air pollution. Now researches have reported that a health threat was appeared from aircraft emission. People living within three miles of an airport or its flight paths have disease rates (20-40%) It is higher for such diseases as heart, cancer, asthma and other respiratory ailments, and pregnancy complications.

Water pollution of the airport activities is formed by a lot of toxic chemicals. Although the airports must conform to the clean water laws in their activities, pollutants are allowed to run into nearby waterways. For example Metropolitan Washington Airport, deicer and anti-icing chemicals, at the rate of 1 00000 gallons per year are allowed to run into the Potomac River. Now in the world a lot different kinds of works, including cleaning jets, are used to reduce water consumption.

Noise pollution is one of greatest problems posed by airports. Different factors affect the amount of aircraft noise one can hear. Wind direction, aircraft orientation, humidity, seasons increase or decrease the level of noise. A lot of large airport operators place noise monitoring equipment within the community to asses the changes in average noise levels. This gives the citizens a crude measurement of the noise impact they are living with. Noise abatement procedures can help to reduce the impact of jet aircraft noise on the citizen, living near airport or along its flight paths. These procedures incorporate reduction of night time operations. Night time noise is limited for arrivals and departures and these remain effect from 10 p.m. to 7 a.m. There is a 30 minute grace period for late arrivals. Unapproved take off may be fined up to 5000$. Pollution can be minimized but not eliminated.

A-GROUP EXERCISES

Opinion adjectives: delightful, fantastic, trendy, nice, high quality, fashionable, great (=very nice)

First we use opinion after fact adjectives. And fact adjectives we use in the following order: size – shape – colour – material.

Examples: a new round grey steel table;

Put adjectives in correct order.

(Brown, old, wooden) wardrobe; (black, small, silk) dress; (square, blue, big) suitcase; (light, leather, grey) coat; (red, round, tiny) balloon; (velvet, yellow, wonderful) sofa; (nylon, old, green) shirt; (white, expensive, big) car; (golden, expensive, new, small) ring.

5b. Give opposite to the adjectives and give their comparative and superlative degree.

Examples: clean – dirty; clean – cleaner – the cleanest ;

different _______________________________________________

noise ___________________________________________________

beautiful _________________________________________________

lovely _________________________________________________

small _________________________________________________

fast __________________________________________________

long _________________________________________________

mean ____________________________________________________

dark _________________________________________________

careful ________________________________________________

happy ________________________________________________

less ________________________________________________

old _______________________________________________

expensive ________________________________________________

quick _________________________________________________

early _________________________________________________

automatic ________________________________________________

sad _________________________________________________

gentle _________________________________________________

6. Translate the following word combinations into Ukrainian.

flight

flight paths

flight paths safety

flight paths safety systems

flight paths safety systems department

powerful

powerful catalysts

powerful catalysts action

powerful catalysts action reinforcement

air

air transport

air transport pollution

air transport pollution aspects

noise

noise pollution

noise pollution problems

noise pollution problems solution

airport

airport activities

airport activities water pollution

airport activities water pollution control