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LESSON 10
Инфинитив, формы и функции Конструкция there + сказуемое Глаголы to cause, to make, to force
Text 10A. Laser
Text 10B. Optical Technology
Text 10C. An Encyclopedia on a Tiny Crystal
Text 10D. Science and International Cooperation
ПРЕДТЕКСТОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
Упражнение 1.Определите функции инфинитива в предложениях, переведите.
1. То develop a new submersible craft with a manipulator is not an easy task. 2. To develop the supercomputer, highly developed electronics and new materials were required. 3. One of the best ways to keep the car speed steady is to use a computer. 4. Experiments helped Mendeleev to discover the properties of new chemical elements. 5. Francis Chichester was the first to sail round the world by himself. 6. Some materials with new useful properties may be produced in space. 7. A special electronic device signals the engine to stop. 8. Radar may control the brakes to avoid collisions with other cars. 9. High temperature alloys make it possible for jet engines to be operating under severe conditions for a long period of time. 10. Recently a radar to be mounted on cars has been developed. 11. In a new Japanese car the information to be received by the driver will come through a navigation earth satellite. 12. To help helicopters and aircraft find the capsule, its upper part is covered with special paint which can be detected by radar. 13. To detect objects at a distance such as ships, aircrafts, buildings, mountains, etc. is of great importance for navigation both at sea and in air. 14. The radar detects the stationary objects ahead of the
car to warn the driver about them and slow down the speed. 15. We had fresh water to drink. 16. They returned to listen about our accident and help. 17. He asked permission to leave.
Упражнение 2.Переведите согласно образцам:
There are many ways ... — Существует много способов ...
There has appeared a new kind of vehicle. — Появился новый вид аппарата.
There is no doubt... — Нет сомнения ...
1. There are unique conditions in space for producing materials with special qualities. 2. There exist different designs of submersible crafts in several countries. 3. There remains one more test to be carried out before using the device. 4. There has recently appeared a new way of communication through satellite networks. 5. There is no doubt that soon we shall see the appearance of a new kind of superliners and space crafts. 6. We have read that there exists an international organization that makes it possible to keep telephone and telegraph communication via satellite with ships in any part of the World Ocean. 7. There is no doubt that mankind will be able to explore the solar system by using nuclear rockets. But there still remain a lot of problems to be solved.
Упражнение 3.Переведите предложения и запомните значения глаголов to cause, to make, to force.
1. Weather changes are often caused by cyclones and anticyclones. 2. Work with deaf people made Al. Bell look for a way to help them and he began to study the theory of sound. 3. In internal combustion engines the pressure of gases forces the piston to go down. 4. The fact that Sofia Kovalevskaya couldn't continue her studies in Russia made her leave for Germany. 5. Heating causes the motion of molecules in a substance, the hotter it becomes, the quicker the molecules move. 6. Morse's interest in electricity made him start experimenting with it. 7. Sometimes bad weather forces the aircrafts to land. 8. In ordinary air it is possible to make electrons jump through space by means of pressure of high voltage. 9. The manager made Mary copy the report again. 10. They made him wait for an hour.
Упражнение 4.Переведите предложения, учитывая особенности сочетания прилагательного с наречием enough.
1. Materials used for superliner structures must be strong enough to withstand the air resistance at high speeds. 2. The «night vision» system is to be small enough to be used in automobiles.
3. The film must be interesting enough since everyone has already seen it. 4. New materials for hypersonic craft should be light enough because the weight of the aircraft structure is of the greatest importance. 5. Infrared rays emitted by any object on the road are to be intensive enough for sensors to pick them up. 6. The Voice Warning system for cars requires the connection of 18 wires, but it is simple enough to be installed in a car.
Упражнение 5. А.Найдите русские эквиваленты для словосочетаний.
before the turn of the century, fantastic story, sword of heat, mysterious sword of heat, has come to reality, the name stands for, light amplification, stimulated emission, mankind's oldest dream, to make lead run like water, technological tool, thermonuclear fuel, to have no time to disintegrate, experiments in heating, required temperature, dozens of times greater, in just a fraction of a second.
технологическое средство, заставить свинец литься как вода, название означает, старейшая мечта человечества, усиление света, в конце прошлого века, индуцированная эмиссия (излучение), огненный меч, таинственный огненный меч, воплотилось в реальность, фантастическая история, эксперименты по нагреву, требуемая температура, термоядерное топливо, нет времени для распада, в десятки раз больше, всего за долю секунды.
В. Переведите словосочетания.
a very pure colour, to vaporize the hardest materials, to vaporize any substance on the earth, to combine two technological discoveries, limitless source of energy, practically limitless source of energy, thermonuclear fuel, thermonuclear reaction, controlled thermonuclear reaction, current estimates, a billionth of a second, to work hard.
Упражнение 6.Прочитайте и переведите интернациональные слова.
fantastic [faen'taestik], Martians ['ma:Jjanz], to stimulate ["stimjuleit], laser ['leiza], colour ['кл1э], thermonuclear reaction, controlled thermonuclear reaction, energy, plasma ['plaezma], dozens ['dAznz], practice ['praektis], practical ['praektikal], potential [pau'tenfal], intensive, intensity, principle, to vibrate [vai'breit], fraction, project ['procfeekt], transmission, solar transmission, realise ['rialaiz], effect [ffekt], Encyclopaedia [en,saiklau'pi:dja].
Упражнение7. Прочитайте и запомните произношение слов.
world [w9:ld], turn [t9:n], earth [э:6], invade [in'veid], sword [so:d], heat [hi:t], beam [bi:m], pure [pjua], mankind [maen'kaind], enough [I'riAf], vaporize ['veiparaiz], lead [led], focused ['faukast], treatment ['trktmant], vary [Veen], varied ['vearid], suggest [sa'cfeest], magic ['maecfeik], problem ['problem], combine [kom'bain], source [so:s], contribute [kan'tribju:t], duration [djua'reijan], pulse [paIs], though [5au], encounter [in'kaunta], encode [in'kaud], surface ['sa:fis], therefore ['deafo:], doubt [daut], entire [in'taia], weapon ['wepan].
СЛОВА И СЛОВОСОЧЕТАНИЯ ДЛЯ ЗАПОМИНАНИЯ
amplificationп — усиление
as welladv — также
approximatelyadv — почти,
приблизительно
capacityп — мощность,
нагрузка, производительность
conductv — вести, проводить
costп — стоимость
durationп —
продолжительность
enoughadv — достаточно,
довольно
entireа — полный, целый
fulfilmentп — выполнение,
осуществление, исполнение
singleа — один, одиночный
suggestv — предлагать,
советовать
toolп •— инструмент, орудие,
средство
heatv — нагревать; п — тепло, теплота
heatingп — нагрев heat-resistantа — теплостойкий
indeedadv •— действительно, на самом деле
installationп — установка, сборка
involved/?.//—связанный, рассматриваемый, имеющий место
rapidlyadv •— быстро representv — представлять, олицетворять
stimulatev — возбуждать, индуцировать
treatmentп — обработка varyv — менять, изменять(ся) weaponп — оружие
to meet the demands, the requirements— удовлетворять требованиям
in order to— для того чтобы
power plant— силовая установка, электростанция
Text 10A
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