Sanitation and hygiene at food enterprises

The word sanitation is derived from the Latin word sanitas, meaning “health.” Applied to the food industry, sanitation is “the creation and maintenance of hygienic and healthful conditions.” It is the application of a science to provide wholesome food processed, prepared, merchandised, and sold in a clean environment by healthy workers; to prevent contamination with microorganisms that cause foodborne illness; and to minimize the proliferation of food spoilage microorganisms. Effective sanitation refers to all the procedures that help accomplish these goals.

Sanitation is an applied science that incorporates the principles of design, development, implementation, maintenance, restoration, and/or improvement of hygienic practices and conditions. Sanitation applications refer to hygienic practices designed to maintain a clean and wholesome environment for food production, processing, preparation, and storage. However, sanitation is more than just cleanliness. Done properly it can improve the aesthetic qualities and hygienic conditions of commercial operations, public facilities, and homes. Also, applied sanitary science can improve waste disposal, which results in less pollution and an improved ecological balance. Therefore, when effectively applied, food sanitation and general sanitary practices have a beneficial effect on our environment.

Sanitation is considered to be an applied science because of its importance to the protection of human health and its relationship with environmental factors that relate to health. Therefore, this applied science relates to control of the biological, chemical, and physical hazards in a food environment. Sanitarians must be familiar with all these hazards and thoroughly understand the basic food microbiology and the organisms that are most likely to affect human health. By identifying, evaluating, and controlling hazards and through the effective application of sanitary practices, a safe and wholesome food supply can be assured.

More processing is now conducted at plants near the area of production, a trend Sanitation and the Food Industry that should continue in the years ahead. Many of these food plants are hygienically designed; nevertheless, foods can be contaminated with spoilage microorganisms or those that cause foodborne illness if proper sanitary practices are not followed. However, hygienic and safe foods can be produced with sanitary practices, even in older plants.

Sanitary practices can be as important to the wholesomeness and safety of food as are the characteristics of the physical plant. With increased productivity, convenience foods and other long shelf-life processed foods are affected by problems created through advanced technology. The major problems have been with food contamination and waste disposal.

III. Answer the questions:

1. What does the word “sanitation” mean?

2. What is sanitation in food industry?

3. What principles does the sanitation incorporate?

4. What sanitation applications refer to?

5. Is sanitation cleanliness?

6. What kinds of quality and conditions can sanitation improve?

7. What can be improved by applied sanitary science?

8. What is the importance of sanitation in our life?

9. How can safe and wholesome food be assured?

10. What must sanitarians be familiar with?

IV. Complete the sentences and translate into Russian/Kazakh

1. Effective sanitation refers to…….

2. Sanitation is…..

3. Hygiene is…….

4. Sanitation is considered to be…….

5. Applied to the food industry, sanitation is…….

6. It is the application of a science to provide…….

7. The major problems……..

8. Sanitary practices can be as important to…….

9. Sanitation applications refer to…….

10. More processing is now conducted at…….