Getting a job in the USA

There are two types of jobs: full-time and part-time work. A full-time job is usually 35—40 hours a week. A part-time job is 15—2 8 hours a week.The difference between them is more than just a matter of how long one works. The difference is in the pay and benefits. Many persons with a full-time job will have a higher salary and be provided with benefits. Benefits such as medical insurance, paid vacations, and maybe even an opportunity to have a retirement savings plan. Part-time workers do not receive any benefits other than a few days off a year.

Many youth in our country begin working from an early age. The law requires young people to be a certain age, before they may begin work. However, most may work at the age of fourteen, with a worker’s permit or permission from his parents or guardian. Students usually have part-time jobs in fast food restaurants such as McDonald’s, Burger King, etc. Many young men and women work in pizza places and ice cream shops as waiters. Some students work at sports events as coaches, referees, umpires, or scorekeepers. Fast food workers are usually required to work at least 15— 17 hours a week. The same goes for any part-time work.
Some students work to pay for attending college or university, others like having extra pocket money, or are saving to buy something. How much money can a young person make? However, the minimum wage in California and New York is around 6 or 7 dollars an hour because the costs of living in those states are much higher. But the average McDonald’s worker in C corgi a will make minimum wage, $5.65 per hour. If a student in America wants to find a job, he or she will find it. The job may not be prestigious or even enjoyable, but there is work to be found. Generally, the difference between our youth and American one in that Americans have the opportunity to work — there are more places for young people to work and payment is higher. American youth needs to work. Saving money for college, university, or technical schools is necessary. Costs run from 5,000—20,000 dollars a year, and the average American family cannot provide this much money every year for four years. One can assume that most university students work one, two or even three jobs during their time at university.

Most employers expect their applicants to have previous experience. In order to obtain a job, one must fill out an application. An application requires necessary information for taxes. The employer usually requests recommendations. It is now also standard practice for many employers to ask employees to take drug tests before they can get a job.

After an application has been reviewed, the employer may call the prospective employee in for an interview. The employer will ask questions about what to do in an emergency, what to do with angry customers, and other relative scenarios.

Work experience is necessary for most college or university graduates. Thus, American youth must work during college or university in order to get a good job later on or to pay for attending a college or university.

Comprehension questions:

1. How much time does it take to work a full-time work weekly? 2. How much time does it take to work a part-time work weekly? 3. What benefits might full-time workers obtain? 4. What benefits might part-time workers obtain? 5. What age should people reach to obtain a job? 6. What should young people have when they try to employ at the age of fourteen or fifteen? 7. How much money can a young person make per hour in California and New York? 8. How much are usually fast food workers required to work? 9. Why should students work? 10. What is the difference between our youth and American one? 11. How much does it cost to attend a university or college in the USA? 12. What do most employers expect from their applicants? 13. What do most employers usually request? 14. Why is work experience necessary for most college or university graduates in the USA?

Vocabulary:
Full-time work —работа с полной занятостью

Part-time work – работа с частичной занятостью

Benefits — преимущества

Salary, wage - зарплата

Medical insurance – медицинская страховка

Paid vacations — оплачиваемый отпуск

Youth —молодежь
To require — требовать

Guardian — опекун
Waiter – официант

At least – по крайней мере
To pay for attending college — платить за учебу (посещение)
Extra pocket money —дополнительный деньги на карманные расходы;
To provide — обеспечивать

Employer — работодатель
Applicant — устраиваемый на работу

Application —заявление
Taxes — налоги

Exercise1. Match the jobs from the box with the definitions:

Accountant ~ Journalist ~ Electrician ~ Plumber ~ Sales rep ~ Civil servant

~ Civil engineer ~ Labourer ~ Architect ~ Miner

This person…

1 Does hard physical work, such as repairing roads?

2 Designs houses and other buildings.

3 Deals with income and the expenses of a business.

4 Writes articles and reports for a newspaper.

5 Works in a government office, foe example in a tax office.

6 Digs coal and gold, etc from underground.

7 Deals with the water system in buildings.

8 Designs and builds roads and bridges.

9 Deals with the electrical system in buildings.

10 Sells products to businesses.

Exercise2. Circle the correct word in each sentence.

1 I want a job I enjoy and I don’t mind how much money I earn/win.

2 Never mind! Let’s hope we earn/win some money next time we buy a lottery ticket!

3 The salary/wage for this position is $ 30000 a year.

4 I have to go to the manager every Friday to pick up my salary/wage.

Exercise3. For questions 1-12, read the text below and look carefully at each line. Some of the lines are correct and some have a word which shouldn’t be there. If a line has extra word which should not be there, write the word. There are two examples at the beginning.

My ambitions

0…+…….When I grow up, I would like to become either a

00…so… scientist or a teacher. I am so very good at science

1………..at school and I find it out very interesting to learn

2…… …..about how the world works. I know that it would

3………...be mean going to university and studying quite hard.

4………..You also have to be good at mathematics, so that

5………..you can do all the necessary calculations. I need to

6………...work hard in that subject because of it is not one I

7………..find easy. If I cannot be a scientist, I would like to

8………...teach. I love to working with children and I think

9………...I am quite good at explaining things more clearly. You

10….........have to know that the subject you teach very well,

11….........and you need a lot of patience. You also need to go

12……….to university and get the right qualifications.

Exercise4. Read this text. For questions 1-10, use the word given at the end of each line to form a word that fills the gap. There is an example. You will get two marks for each correct answer.

Many people, perhaps even the (0) majority, are not particularly happy in their job. They go to work, get paid, and (1) ….. for them is just a way of paying the bills. This leads to (2) ….. at work and unhappy workers often don’t show enough (3)….. to customers or (4)….. to their fellow workers. Many people feel that they have no chance of (5) ….. and they are unhappy with the (6) …. conditions. If you want to get (7)…. From your work, make sure that it involves doing an (8) …. That you like. Ask yourselves whether the job will have the same (9)….after five years. A careful choice now can save you a lot of (10)…. in the future.

Score: …..

51- 60 Well done! You really know your stuff!

41- 50 That’s great! Keep it up!!

21- 40 Maybe it’s time for another look!

0- 20 What? Are you sure?

Exercise5. In pairs, choose 4 or more of the questions to talk about. Try to say as much as you can. Use the phrases below to help you.

· What do you think is important when choosing a career?

· Do you think people work too hard nowadays?

· How do you think the world of work is changing?

· What do you think it would be like to work from home?

· What problems do people face when they are unemployed?

· What would you like to do when you leave school?

· What job would you like to do in the future? What are your hopes for the future?

I haven’t really thought about that. I suppose…

The salary is important, and so is…

I imagine the biggest problem is…

That seems like a long way in the future. I’d say that…

Well, if I had the chance, I think I’d love to

Exercise6. Translate the following proverbs and sayings into English and explain in English the meaning of each proverb.

1.Без топора не вытащишь и рыбку из пруда. 2. Без топора – не плотник, без иглы - не портной. 3. Век живи, век учись. 4. Что посеешь, то и пожнешь. 5. У плохого мастера плохая пила. 6. Не место красит человека, а человек место. 7. Дерево смотри в плодах, а человека в делах. 8. Без труда нет плода

ENGLISH SCHOOLING
Topical Vocabulary

Types of schools: maintained (state), county, voluntary, nursery, primary, infant, junior, secondary, grammar, secondary modern, technical, comprehensive, all-through, two-tier, first, middle, upper, mixed (co-educational), single-sex, special, independent (fee-paying, private), pre-preparatory, preparatory, public, sixth- form college, tertiary college.

Stages of education: compulsory, pre-school, primary, secondary, further, higher.

Education policy: administration, schooling, full-time education, part-time education, tripartite system, class-divided and selective system of education, to sustain inequality of opportunity, to go comprehensive, the Department of Education and Science, Local Education Authorities (LEAs), to be responsible for national education policy, to run a school, to prescribe curricula or textbooks, the provision of schools, to provide maintained school education.

Management: Head Teacher (Master), Principal, Assistant Principal, Acting Head Teacher, staff, governing body, to have responsibility, to employ teachers, provide and maintain buildings, supply equipment, provide grants, appointment and dismissal of staff.

Admission: to admit, to allocate, to apply for admission, selective procedure, intelligence tests, substitute for the abolished 11 + exams, to measure inborn abilities, to have a time limit, to coach for, catchment area, without any reference to a child’s ability or aptitude, to transfer (promote) from one class to another.

Curriculum: broad curriculum, academic course, non-academic course, vocational bias, foundation course, foundation subjects, to meet special interests, common curriculum, simplified curriculum, education with a practical slant for lower-attaining pupils, to be encouraged to do smth., the three R’s, subject teaching, specialist teacher, to have set periods, remedial teaching.

Examinations: GCSE (exam); to sit for an exam; “A” level exam; Common Entrance Exam; to be set and marked by ... ; to hand the papers out; examining board; grades, pass” grade; resits and retakes; unsuccessful pupil; to repeat the year; to pass an exam, to keep up with the group; to fall behind.

Punishment: corporal punishment, detention (after school or during the dinner hour), lines, exclusion from normal routine, exclusion from privileges (loss of privilege), collection of litter, suspension from school, withdrawal from lessons, setting extra work, putting on report”, telling the parents.